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Fiberless Optogenetics

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Optogenetics

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1293))

Abstract

Optogenetics, which relies on the use of photons to manipulate cellular and subcellular processes, has emerged as an important tool that has transformed several fields including neuroscience. Improvement of optogenetic topographies, together with integration with complementary tools such as electrophysiology, imaging, anatomical and behavioral analysis, facilitated this transformation. However, an inherent challenge associated with optogenetic manipulation of neurons in living organisms, such as rodents, is the requirement for implanting light-delivering optical fibers. This is partly because the current repertoires of light-sensitive opsins are activated only by visible light, which cannot effectively penetrate biological tissues. Insertion of optical fibers and subsequent photo-stimulation inherently damages brain tissue, and fiber tethering can constrain animal behavior. To overcome these technical limitations, we and other research groups recently developed minimally invasive “fiberless optogenetics,” which uses particles that can emit visible light through up-conversion luminescence in response to irradiation with tissue-penetrating near-infrared light. Fiberless optogenetics also offers the opportunity to control neural function over longer time frames in freely behaving animals. In this chapter, we discuss the development of fiberless optogenetics and its application in neuroscience and beyond.

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Abbreviations

ACR1:

Anion channelrhodopsin-1

AuNP:

Gold nanoparticle

C1V1:

ChR1/VChR1 chimera

ChR:

Channelrhodopsin

ChR2:

Channelrhodopsin-2

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

GlyR:

Glycine receptor

IR:

Infrared

LED:

Light-emitting diode

LMP:

Lanthanide micro-particle

NIR:

Near-infrared

Opto-CRAC:

Near-infrared-stimulable optogenetic platform using the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+

PL:

Photoluminescence

QD:

Quantum dot

UCNP:

Up-conversion nanoparticle

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) (JPMJCR1656) to A.Y., KAKENHI grants (26293046, 26640041, 16H01271, 17H05563, 18H05124, 18KK0223, and 18H02523) to A.Y., and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC/HPNSP-569(1-60)) to S.C.

Declaration of Interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

    Srikanta Chowdhury

  2. Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Function (EuGEF) Research Group, Chittagong, Bangladesh

    Srikanta Chowdhury

  3. Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Akihiro Yamanaka

  4. Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

    Akihiro Yamanaka

  5. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan

    Akihiro Yamanaka

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  1. Srikanta Chowdhury
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Correspondence to Akihiro Yamanaka .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

    Hiromu Yawo

  2. OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan

    Hideki Kandori

  3. National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, Japan

    Amane Koizumi

  4. Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Ryoichiro Kageyama

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Chowdhury, S., Yamanaka, A. (2021). Fiberless Optogenetics. In: Yawo, H., Kandori, H., Koizumi, A., Kageyama, R. (eds) Optogenetics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1293. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_26

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