Abstract
This chapter reports the result of an experimental study to examine the physical, mechanical properties of electrode-tools made from copper-based composite materials with the addition of refractory metals, ceramic, graphite phases in the erosion of tool steel. Composite materials based on copper with different contents of the refractory phase were made by powder metallurgy. Electrodes’ wear rate made from “copper–chromium” is lower than traditionally used compounds made from pure copper M1 and “copper–tungsten” material. Using methods of X-ray phase and Raman Effect, spectrum analysis investigated the formation of intercalated graphite with copper and sp3 connections in graphite, sintered with copper. During the sintering of the “copper–titanium carbide” and “copper–titanium carbonitride” chemical interaction was not observed. However, in the copper–carbosilicate titanium system, dissociation of the compound was established such as de-siliconization from titanium carbosilicide grains, part of titanium carbosilicide grains was converted to carbon-based Titanium silicide Ti5Si3 (C) and small amounts of titanium carbide, silicon carbide, and titanium silicide TiSi2. The lowest porosity (6%) was witnessed in materials containing titanium carbosilicide, regardless of its content. The flexural strength was 2 times higher in systems with titanium carbosilicide in comparison with carbide and titanium carbonitride. When investigating the relative wear of the electrode during the machining of tool steel, it was established that all the studied systems have better wear resistance than pure copper and copper–tungsten carbide material.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- CNT:
-
Carbon nanotubes
- D :
-
Interplanar distance (nm)
- EDM:
-
Electric discharge machining
- ET:
-
Electrode-tool
- НВ:
-
Hardness (MPa)
- I :
-
Intensity (%)
- P:
-
Porosity (%)
- R a :
-
Surface roughness (µm)
- TEG:
-
Thermally expanded graphite
- σ b :
-
Flexural strength (MPa)
References
Serebrenitsky PP (2007) Modern erosion technologies and equipment: training, allowance. Baltimore State Technologies University. St. Petersburg, Russia
Panov DO, Ablyaz TR, Abrosimova AA (2013) Metallographic analysis of the surface of 65G steel after electro erosion treatment. Mod Probl Sci Educ [Electron Resour] (5):232. Access mode: http://www.science-education.ru/pdf/2013/5/232.pdf. Version from the screen
Nemilov EF (1983) Electroerosive processing of materials: a textbook for vocational school. Machine building, Leningrad. Department, Leningrad, Russia
Matvienko EV, Varaksin MA, Blinov TA (2011) Influence of electrode tool material on the choice of erosion control modes. Sb. doc. In: International scientific-practical conference of students, graduate students and young scientists “Youth and scientific and technological progress”. Part 1, Gubkin: OOO Aikyu, Moscow, pp 134–137
Bates CH (2004) Effect on the performance of the electrode material electroerosion machining. Am Machinist 148(2):56–57
Dubois D (2002) Copper or graphite—the choice of materials for electrodes duplicating machine tools machining (2002). TraMetal (66):57–58
Zhurin AV (2005) Methods for calculating process parameters and tool electrodes for electroerosion processing. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, Tula state. University, Tula, Russia
Eliseev YuS, Saushkin BP (2010) Electroerosive processing of aerospace products. Izd-vo MSTU him NE, Bauman, Moscow, Russia
Kovalenko VS (2000) Non-traditional methods of processing materials in Japan. Electron Mater Process (3):4–12
Zolotykh BN (2003) On the discovery and development of electroerosive material processing. Electron Process Mater (3):4–9
Nemilov EF (1983) Electroerosive processing of materials: a textbook for vocational schools. Machine building, Leningrad department-e, Leningrad, Russia
Zolotykh BN (1956) Influence of duration of a working impulse on electric erosion of metals. Electricity (8):19–31
Sijanov SY (2002) Technological support of quality of a surface layer of details at electroerosive processing. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, BSTU, Bryansk, Russia
Levinson EM and others (1971) Electroerosive treatment of metals. Mechanical Engineering, Leningrad, Russia
Foteev NK (1980) The technology of electroerosive processing. Mechanical Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Nadutkin AV (2007) The study of the synthesis of TI3SIC2 and the formation of structural ceramics on its basis. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, PSTU, Perm, Russia
International Center for Diffraction Data—PDF-2 (The Powder Diffraction Files (2001), no. licenz 81200030 [Elektronnyi resurs]
Shukhardin SV (1979) Double and multicomponent copper systems. Science, Moscow, Russia
Shmatko YA, Mustache YV (1987) Electrical and magnetic properties of metals and alloys. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, USSR
Ivenson VA (1985) Phenomenology of sintering and some questions of theory. Metallurgy, Moscow, Russia
Avramov IS, Shliapin AD (1999) New composite materials based on immiscible components: production, structure, properties. MGIU, Moscow, Russia
Mirkin LI (1961) Handbook of X-ray diffraction analysis of polycrystals. Fizmatlit, Moscow, Russia
Kero I (2007) Ti3SiC2 synthesis by powder metallurgical methods. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, Luleå University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Luleå, Sweden
Oglezneva CA, Kacheniuk MN, Ogleznev ND (2016) Study of the formation of the structure and properties of materials in the system “copper-carbolicidal titanium”. Izvestiia vuzov. Poroshkovaia metallurgiia i funktsional’nye pokrytiia (4):60–67
Zhou Y, Gu W (2004) Chemical reaction and stability of Ti3SiC2 in Cu during high-temperature processing of Cu/Ti3SiC2 composites. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde 95(1):50–56
Karpinos DM (1985) Composite materials: reference book. Naukova dumka, Kiev, USSR
Ngai Tungwai L, Zheng Wei, Li Yuanyuan (2013) Effect of sintering temperature on the preparation of Cu-Ti3SiC2 metal matrix composite. Prog Nat Sci: Mater Int 23(1):70–76
Dudina DV, Ulianitsky VY, Batraev IS, Korchagin MA, Mali VI, Anisimov AG, Lomovsky OI (2013) Interparticle interactions during consolidation of Ti3SiC2-Cu powders influenced by preliminary mechanical milling. Met Mater Int 19(6):1235–1241
Kosolapova TI (1968) Carbids. Metallurgiia, Moscow, Russia
Ngai TL, Zheng W, Li Y (2013) Effect of sintering temperature on the preparation of Cu-Ti3SiC2 metal matrix composite. Prog Nat Sci: Mater Int 23(1):70–76
Efimov, AI and others (1983) Properties of inorganic compounds. Reference, Chemistry, Leningrad, Russia
Oglezneva SA, Grevnov LM, Zhigalova IV and others (1998) Forms of existence of carbon. Their receipt and application. Perm State Technologies University. Perm, Russia
Belova MY (2008) From the “black chalk” to the seals from the TRG. Armature 1(52):42–49
Mishchenko SV, Tkachev AG (1998) Carbon nanomaterials: production, properties, application. Mechanical Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Tkachev AG, Melezhik AV, Smykov MA et al (2010) Synthesis of beams of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the catalyst FeCoMo/Al2O3. Chem Technol 11(12):725–732
Andreeva VD, Stepanova TR (2002) Influence of copper atoms on the graphite structure. Lett ZhTF 18(28):18–23
Kalbus K (2012) Copper intercalation into graphite theses and dissertations. Abstract of Ph.D., The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
Bin X et al (2008) Preparation and structural investigation of CuCl2 graphite intercalation compounds. Acta Geol Sin Russ Edn 82(5):1056–1060
Amsler M, Flores-Livas JA, Lehtovaara L, Balima F, Ghasemi SA, Machon D, Pailhes S, Willand A, Caliste D, Botti S, San Miguel A, Goedecker S, Marques MAL (2012) Crystal structure of cold compressed graphite. Phys Rev Lett 108(6):065501-1–065501-4
Dunaev AV, Archangelsky IV, Avdeev VV (2007) Creation of nanocarbons with metal nanoparticles from GIC for different applications in catalysis. In: 8th biennial international workshop “Fullerenes and atomic clusters”, St Petersburg, Russia, p 266
Biske NS, Kolodey VS (2014) Spectroscopy of Raman scattering of graphite from deposits and ore occurrences in the Ladoga area. Geol Miner Karelia 17:103–109
Jorio A (2012) Raman spectroscopy in graphene-based systems: prototypes for nanoscience and nanometrology. Rev Art Int Sch Res Netw. ISRN Nanotechnol 2012:1–16
Tikhomirov SV, Kimstach TB (2011) Raman spectroscopy is a promising method for studying carbon nanomaterials. Analytics (11):28–33
Gorsky SY (2014) Development of the process of functionalization of carbon nanotubes in nitrogen acid and hydrogen peroxide. Abstract of Ph.D. dissertation, TSTU, Tambov, Russia
Kostikov VI, Shipov NN, Kalashnikov YL and others (1991) Graphitization and diamond formation. Metallurgy, Moscow, Russia
Ermolaev AA, Laptev AI, Polyakov VP (2000) Influence of the composition of the alloy-catalyst on the mechanism of synthesis and composition of phases of polycrystalline diamond carbonado. Izv. Universities. Non-ferrous Metall (2):62–65
Liu J et al (1998) Fullerene pipes. Science 280:1253
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ogleznev, N., Oglezneva, S., Ablyaz, T. (2018). Perspective Composition Materials for Electrode-Tools Production. In: Sidhu, S., Bains, P., Zitoune, R., Yazdani, M. (eds) Futuristic Composites . Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2417-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2417-8_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2416-1
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2417-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)