Skip to main content

Target Recognition in Infrared Imagery Using Convolutional Neural Network

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision and Image Processing

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 460))

Abstract

In this paper, deep learning based approach is advocated for automatic recognition of civilian targets in thermal infrared images. High variability of target signature and low contrast ratio of targets to background makes the task of target recognition in infrared images challenging, demanding robust adaptable methods capable of capturing these variations. As opposed to the traditional shallow learning approaches which rely on hand engineered feature extraction, deep learning based approaches use environmental knowledge to learn and extract the features automatically. We present convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning framework for automatic recognition of civilian targets in infrared images. The performance evaluation is carried on infrared target clips obtained from ‘CSIR-CSIO moving object thermal infrared imagery dataset’. The task involves four categories classification one category representing the background and three categories of targets -ambassador, auto and pedestrians. The proposed CNN framework provides classification accuracy of 88.15 % with all four categories and 98.24 % with only three target categories.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. J. G. Verly, R. L. Delanoy, and D. E. Dudgeon, “Machine Intelligence Technology for Automatic Target Recognition,” The Lincoln Laboratory Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 277–310, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. Arora, P. Dutta, S. Bapat, V. Kulathumani, H. Zhang, V. Naik, V. Mittal, H. Cao, M. Demirbas, M. Gouda, Y. Choi, T. Herman, S. Kulkarni, U. Arumugam, M. Nesterenko, A. Vora, and M. Miyashita, “A line in the sand: a wireless sensor network for target detection, classification, and tracking,” Computer Networks, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 605–634, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  3. D. Kraus and A. M. Zoubir, “Contributions to Automatic Target Recognition Systems for Underwater Mine Classification,” IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 505–518, 2015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. S. G. Narasimhan and S. K. Nayar, “Shedding light on the weather,” 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003 Proceedings, vol. 1, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. K. Nayar and S. G. Narasimhan, “Vision in bad weather,” Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, vol. 2, pp. 820–827, 1999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. J. M. Lloyd, Thermal imaging systems. Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  7. M. Vollmer, J. A. Shaw, and P. W. Nugent, “Visible and invisible mirages: comparing inferior mirages in the visible and thermal infrared,” in journal of applied optics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. B76–B84, 2014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Y. Fang, K. Yamada, Y. Ninomiya, B. Horn, and I. Masaki, “Comparison between infrared-image-based and visible-image-based approaches for pedestrian detection,” IEEE IV2003 Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings (Cat No03TH8683), pp. 505–510, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. Akula, R. Ghosh, S. Kumar, and H. K. Sardana, “Moving target detection in thermal infrared imagery using spatiotemporal information.,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics, image science, and vision, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 1492–501, 2013.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. M. Khayyat, L. Lam, and C. Y. Suen, “Learning-based word spotting system for Arabic handwritten documents,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 1021–1030, 2014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. B. Li, W. Hu, W. Xiong, O. Wu, and W. Li, “Horror Image Recognition Based on Emotional Attention,” in Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV), 2011, pp. 594–605.

    Google Scholar 

  12. S. Z. Li, L. Zhang, S. Liao, X. X. Zhu, R. Chu, M. Ao, and H. Ran, “A Near-infrared Image Based Face Recognition System,” 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FGR06), pp. 455–460, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  13. V. Elangovan and A. Shirkhodaie, “Recognition of human activity characteristics based on state transitions modeling technique,” p. 83920 V–83920 V–10, May 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  14. B. Li, R. Chellappa, R. Chellappa, Q. Zheng, Q. Zheng, S. Der, S. Der, N. Nasrabadi, N. Nasrabadi, L. Chan, L. Chan, L. Wang, and L. Wang, “Experimental evaluation of FLIR ATR approaches—A comparative study,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 84, pp. 5–24, 2001.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Ahonen, A. Hadid, M. Pietikäinen, S. S. Member, and M. Pietika, “Face description with local binary patterns: application to face recognition.,” IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2037–41, 2006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. A. P. Psyllos, C. N. E. Anagnostopoulos, and E. Kayafas, “Vehicle logo recognition using a sift-based enhanced matching scheme,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 322–328, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. O. Déniz, G. Bueno, J. Salido, and F. De La Torre, “Face Recognition Using Histograms of Oriented Gradients,” Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 1598–1603, 2011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. I. Arel, D. C. Rose, and T. P. Karnowski, “Deep Machine Learning — A New Frontier in Artificial Intelligence Research,” IEEE Computational Inteligence Magazine, vol. 5, no. November, pp. 13–18, 2010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. D. Ciresan, “Multi-column Deep Neural Networks for Image Classification,” in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, 2012, pp. 3642–3649.

    Google Scholar 

  20. A. Krizhevsky, I. Sutskever, and G. E. Hinton, “ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks,” Advances In Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1–9, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  21. P. Sermanet, S. Chintala, and Y. LeCun, “Convolutional neural networks applied to house numbers digit classification,” Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition ICPR12, pp. 10–13, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Y. LeCun, F. J. Huang, and L. Bottou, “Learning methods for generic object recognition with invariance to pose and lighting,” in Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004., 2004, vol. 2, pp. 97–104.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Y. LeCun, L. Bottou, Y. Bengio, and P. Haffner, “Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 86, pp. 2278–2323, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. J. L. Chu and A. Krzy, “Analysis of Feature Maps Selection in Supervised Learning Using Convolutional Neural Networks,” in Advances in Artificial Intelligence, Springer International Publishing, 2014, pp. 59–70.

    Google Scholar 

  25. S. Karsoliya, “Approximating Number of Hidden layer neurons in Multiple Hidden Layer BPNN Architecture,” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 714–717, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  26. A. Akula, N. Khanna, R. Ghosh, S. Kumar, A. Das, and H. K. Sardana, “Adaptive contour-based statistical background subtraction method for moving target detection in infrared video sequences,” Infrared Physics & Technology, vol. 63, pp. 103–109, 2014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Ioffe and C. Szegedy, “Batch Normalization : Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift,” arXiv preprint arXiv:150203167v3, 2015.

  28. H. Yu and B. M. Wilamowski, “Levenberg-Marquardt training,” Industrial Electronics Handbook, vol 5—Intelligent Systems, pp. 12–1 to 12–18, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The work is supported in part by funds of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India under the project OMEGA PSC0202-2.3.1.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aparna Akula .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this paper

Cite this paper

Akula, A., Singh, A., Ghosh, R., Kumar, S., Sardana, H.K. (2017). Target Recognition in Infrared Imagery Using Convolutional Neural Network. In: Raman, B., Kumar, S., Roy, P., Sen, D. (eds) Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Vision and Image Processing. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 460. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2107-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2107-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-2106-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-2107-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics