Abstract
Low carbon cement is a ternary blended Portland cement with clinker factor as low as 0.40. It uses the synergetic hydration of clinker, calcined clay and crushed limestone to achieve comparable properties of commercial cements. One of the major components of low carbon cement is calcined china clay having a kaolinite content as low as 20 %. The present report discusses the availability of required clays in two surveyed areas of Rajasthan and West Bengal. Characterization of clays have been performed through various techniques and their suitability established from thermo-gravimetric analysis supplemented by mineral and chemical composition. Medium grade china clay (40-60 % kaolinite) is abundantly available in Rajasthan, whereas very high grade (60-80 % kaolinite) is commercially available in West Bengal. It was difficult to get low grade china clay under commercial terms and conditions although it is dumped as wastes in and around mine areas. All the various grades of china clay were found to be suitable for use in low carbon cement by replacing clinker.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
http://www.cembureau.eu/about-cement/key-facts-figures CEMBUREAU Report (2010)
Scrivener, K., Fernando Martirena, J., Antoni, M.: Tackling social housing through the commercial use of low clinker cementitious systems. Innovations on the use of calcined clay as supplementary cementitious material, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 29–31 May 2012
Antoni, M., Rossen, J., Martirena, F., Scrivener, K.: Cement substitution by a combination of metakaolin and limestone. Cem. Concr. Res. 42, 1579–1589 (2012)
He, C., Osbaeck, B., Makovicky, E.: Pozzolanic reactions of six principal clay minerals: activation, reactivity assessments and technological effects. Cem. Concr. Res. 25(8), 1691–1702 (1995)
Murat, M., Comel, C.: Hydration reaction and hardening of calcined clays and related minerals III. Influence of calcination process of kaolinite on mechanical strengths of hardened metakaolinite. Cem. Concr. Res. 13(5), 631–637 (1983)
Sabir, B.B., Wild, S., Bai, J.: Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: a review. Cem. Concr. Compos. 23(6), 441–454 (2001)
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2012—Part III: Mineral Reviews. Kaolin, ball clay, other clays and shale, 51st edn. Indian Bureau of Mines (2014)
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2012—Part III: Mineral Reviews. Limestone and other calcareous minerals, 51st edn. Indian Bureau of Mines (2014)
Indian Minerals Yearbook 2012—Part III: Mineral Reviews. Gypsum, 51st edn. Indian Bureau of Mines (2014)
Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Government of Switzerland for supporting this research on low carbon cement. Sincere thanks to Prof. Karen Scrivener, EPFL, Switzerland for her never ending technical guidance and motivation during the entire period of work. The authors are deeply grateful to A.K. Tiwari and Dr. K. Suresh for their kind support in testing the samples at Aditya Birla Science and Technology Centre, Mumbai. Last, but not the lease our sincere thanks to Dr. Anjan K Chatterjee for his constant guidance, motivation and valuable suggestions during the entire course of work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 RILEM
About this paper
Cite this paper
Maity, S., Bishnoi, S. (2015). Raw Material Mapping in Selected Areas of Rajasthan and West Bengal and Their Suitability for Use in Low Carbon Cement Production. In: Scrivener, K., Favier, A. (eds) Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete. RILEM Bookseries, vol 10. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9939-3_55
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9939-3_55
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9938-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9939-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)