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Intravital Microscopy for Molecular Imaging in Cancer Research

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Advances in Intravital Microscopy

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Abstract

Molecular imaging is an important tool in life sciences research and for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Among numerous imaging modalities, intravital microscopy (IVM) provides the best imaging spatial resolution in vivo and allows visualization of cellular and subcellular structures and functions. Because of its high resolution and the large number of available imaging agents, IVM has been used increasingly for the study of in vivo processes in many different fields. The application of IVM in cancer research and cancer treatment response assessment has been particularly fruitful. These IVM studies have disclosed that the cellular and subcellular dynamics during tumor progression and drug treatment in vivo are very different from those under in vitro conditions. Since the findings from IVM studies are obtained directly from intact living organisms, they may provide much more relevant information helpful to drug discovery and evaluation in clinics. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce the concepts of molecular imaging and the unique features of IVM. We will then highlight the most current IVM research in cancer biology and cancer drug response at the tissue, cellular and subcellular levels. We will end this chapter by outlining the future directions of IVM research.

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Abbreviations

18F-FDG:

Fluorodeoxyglucose

CARS:

Coherent anti-stokes raman scattering

CCL1:

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1

CT:

Computed tomography

DEVD:

Aspartic acid-glutamic acid-valine-aspartic acid

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FAD:

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

FCS:

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

FLIM:

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy

FRAP:

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching

FRET:

Förster resonance energy transfer

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

IR/NIR:

Infrared/ Near-infrared

IVM:

Intravital microscopy

mKO2:

Monomeric Kusabira-Orange 2

MMP:

Metalloproteinase

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NADH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

OFDI:

Optical frequency domain imaging

PARP-1:

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1

PARPi:

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitor

PET:

Positron emission tomography

RFP:

Red fluorescent protein

ROCK:

Rho-associated protein kinase

scVEGF:

Single-chain vascular endothelial growth factor

SERS:

Surface enhanced Raman scattering

SHG:

Second harmonic generation

SNR:

Signal-to-noise ratio

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

YFP:

Yellow fluorescent protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Hongmei Yu & Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

  2. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA

    Hongmei Yu & Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

Authors
  1. Hongmei Yu
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  2. Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
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Correspondence to Sanjiv Sam Gambhir .

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  1. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Roberto Weigert

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Yu, H., Gambhir, S.S. (2014). Intravital Microscopy for Molecular Imaging in Cancer Research. In: Weigert, R. (eds) Advances in Intravital Microscopy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9361-2_12

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