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The Making of the Mediterranean Molluscan Biodiversity

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The Mediterranean Sea

Abstract

The present Mediterranean molluscan biodiversity, comprising more than 2,000 species, was shaped by the multiple events connected with the geodynamic and climatic evolution of this basin in the last million years coupled with the process of biological evolutionary processes on the global scale. Climate, hydrology, basin physiography, and connections via seaways were and are the main forcing factors tuning the type of molluscs making the Mediterranean diversity at any geological instant, resulting in (often cyclical) taxonomic additions and subtractions. However, this basic motif operating in the Mediterranean since its formation as an independent basin over millions of years, has been seriously perturbed by the deliberate or accidental introduction of non-indigenous (alien or non native) species in the last decades. The taxonomic addition of mostly warm-water species is taking place at an unprecedented pace with respect to even the dramatic changes that have marked glacial-interglacial transitions, thus making the present day Mediterranean Sea a planetary biogeographic unicum.

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Acknowledgments

This paper benefitted over the years of enlightening discussion with a number of professional and amatorial malacologists. Alessandro Ceregato (ISMAR-CNR Bologna), Francesca Garaventa (ISMAR-CNR Genova), Serge Gofas (University of Malaga), Marco Faimali (ISMAR-CNR Genova), Rafael La Perna (University of Bari), Marco Oliverio (University La Sapienza, Rome), Patrick Schembri (University of Malta), José ‘Pepe’ Templado (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid), Antonio Terlizzi (University of Lecce) kindly revised the ms providing many constructive suggestions. This article contributes to the EU Hermione (contract n° 226354) and Coconet (contract n° 287844) programmes. ISMAR-CNR Bologna scientific contribution n. 1769.

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  1. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Bruno Sabelli

  2. ISMAR-CNR, Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy

    Marco Taviani

  3. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA

    Marco Taviani

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  1. Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Stefano Goffredo

  2. Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel

    Zvy Dubinsky

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Sabelli, B., Taviani, M. (2014). The Making of the Mediterranean Molluscan Biodiversity. In: Goffredo, S., Dubinsky, Z. (eds) The Mediterranean Sea. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6704-1_16

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