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Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors in the Nucleus and Nucleolus in Activated Macrophages

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Proteins of the Nucleolus

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Abstract

During the past decades several studies have demonstrated that cysteine cathepsins play an important role in activated macrophages. In endosomes and lysosomes they are essential for the adaptive immune response – antigen processing and presentation, as well as innate immune response – toll like receptor activation. Recently, the new roles have emerged for otherwise endosomal proteases and inhibitors in the nucleus and nucleolus. Cathepsin L deficiency, as well as interaction with nuclear inhibitor MENT, was shown to cause a global rearrangement of chromatin structure and redistribution of specifically modified histones. Cathepsin L activity in the nucleus is also regulated by nuclear and cytosolic inhibitor stefin B. The role for cathepsin L in cleavage of the CUX1 transcription factor and the resultant acceleration of cell-cycle progression into S phase has also been described. We have shown that in activated macrophages cathepsin L and an inhibitor Spia3g are both localized to the nucleolus. However, for the complete understanding of physiological consequences of this observation further studies are necessary.

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Acknowledgements

This chapter included research supported by the Slovenian Research Agency Grants J3-9324 and J3-0612 (to N. Kopitar-Jerala) and Grant P-0140 (to B. Turk).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Nataša Kopitar-Jerala

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  1. Nataša Kopitar-Jerala
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Correspondence to Nataša Kopitar-Jerala .

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  1. , Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga Rd. N. 3359, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Ontario, Canada

    Danton H O'Day

  2. , Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga Rd. 3359, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Ontario, Canada

    Andrew Catalano

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Kopitar-Jerala, N. (2013). Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors in the Nucleus and Nucleolus in Activated Macrophages. In: O'Day, D., Catalano, A. (eds) Proteins of the Nucleolus. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5818-6_13

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