Abstract
In 1776 Coulomb [1] expressed the view that fracture of a solid would occur if the maximum shear strain at some point surpassed a critical value characterizing the mechanical strength of the material. Although the suggestion is of no more than historic interest it may be noted as the oldest of a number of empirical “critical stress” or “critical strain” relations [2].
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Bibliography references
Timoshenko, S. P.: History of the Strength of Materials, p. 51. New York: McGraw-Hill 1953.
Nadai, A.: Theory of Flow and Fracture of Solids, pp. 207–228. New York: McGraw-Hill 1950.
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Fracturing of Metals (A.S.M.S., Oct. 1947), A.S.M., Cleveland, 1948. Contains, among other papers: C. Zener: The Micro-Mechanism of Fracture; J. E. Dorn: The Effect of Stress State on the Fracture Strength of Metals; G. R. Irwin: Fracture Dynamics; P. E. Shearin, A. E. Ruark, R. M. Trimble: Size Effects in Steels and other Metals from Slow Bend Tests; T. A. Read: Plastic Flow and Rupture of Steel at High Hardness Levels; J. H. Hollomon: Fracture and the Structure of Metals.
Fatigue and Fracture of Metals (M.I.T. Symposium, June 1950), p. 139. New York: Wiley 1950. Contains, among other papers: E. Orowan: Fundamentals of Brittle Behavior in Metals; W. Weibull: The Statistical Aspects of Fatigue Failures and its Consequences; P. L. Teed: The Influence of Metallographic Structure on Fatigue.
Bridgman, P. W.: Studies in Large Plastic Flow and Fracture. New York: McGraw-Hill 1952. Chapter 12 on volume changes in simple compression is of special interest in reference to the nature of fracture origins.
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Stanton, T. E., and R. G. C. Batson: On the Characteristics of Notched-Bar Impact Tests. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. 211, 67 (1920/21). The published discussions of this paper are also of interest.
Docherty, J. G.: Slow Bending Tests on Large Notched Bars, Engineering, Vol. 139, p. 211. 1935.
Wells, A. A., and D. Post: The Dynamic Stress Distribution Surrounding a Running Crack. Proc. Soc. for Exper. Stress Analysis 15, No. 2 (1958).
Krafft, J. M., A. M. Sullivan and G. R. Irwin: J. Appl. Phys. 28, 379 (1957).
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Irwin, G.R. (1958). Fracture. In: Flügge, S. (eds) Elasticity and Plasticity / Elastizität und Plastizität. Encyclopedia of Physics / Handbuch der Physik. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43081-1_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43081-1_5
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