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Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the CNS pp 309–339Cite as

Molecular Determinants Controlling Functional Properties of AMPARs and NMDARs in the Mammalian CNS

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 141))

Abstract

L-a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPARs) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are the two major types of postsynaptic glutamate receptors (GluRs) that mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Both AMPARs and NMDARs are multimeric proteins, probably tetramers, formed by a variety of molecularly distinct subunits. AMPARs can be assembled from four types of subunits, termed GIuR-A, -B, -C, and -D (or, in an alternative nomenclature, G1uR1, G1uR2, GluR3, and G1uR4). Additional molecular diversity of AMPARs is generated by alternative splicing of the flip-flop module and RNA editing at the Q/R and R/G site. NMDARs are heteromers primarily assembled from NR1 subunits and NR2A, B, C, or D subunits. Various splice variants have been identified for the NR1 subunit, and a new NR3 subunit has been discovered recently. Considering all combinatorial possibilities, the molecular diversity of glutamate-receptor channels is considerable (Hollmann, this volume).

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Abbreviations

AMPARs:

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors

Ba2+ :

Barium

C-terminal:

Carboxy-terminal

Ca1/3:

Ca1/3 fields of the hippocampus

Ca2+ :

Calcium

CNS:

Central nervous system

EPSC:

Excitatory postsynaptic current

GABAR:

γAmino-butyric-acid receptor

GluR:

Glutamate receptors

H:

Histidine

HEK cells:

Human embryonic kidney cells

I-V curve:

Current-voltage relation

IC50 :

Half-maximal inhibitory concentration

K d :

Dissociation constant

LTD:

Long-term depression

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

M2:

Membrane segment 2

Mg2+ :

Magnesium

mRNA:

Messenger ribonucleic acid

N-terminal:

Amino-terminal

N:

Asparagine

NMDARs:

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors

Q:

Glutamine

R:

Arginine

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcriptase-polymerise chain reaction

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  1. H. Monyer
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  2. P. Jonas
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  3. J. Rossier
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  1. Physiologisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Peter Jonas

  2. ZMBH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany

    Hannah Monyer

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Monyer, H., Jonas, P., Rossier, J. (1999). Molecular Determinants Controlling Functional Properties of AMPARs and NMDARs in the Mammalian CNS. In: Jonas, P., Monyer, H. (eds) Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors in the CNS. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 141. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08022-1_9

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