Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Delivery of the Oocyte from the Follicle to the Oviduct: A Time of Vulnerability

  • Conference paper
The Future of the Oocyte

Part of the book series: Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop ((SCHERING FOUND,volume 41))

Abstract

Ovulation is the complex process by which the follicle-enclosed oocyte is released from the ovary for transfer to the oviduct where it can be fertilized. To prepare for ovulation, the ovary undergoes a series of closely regulated events that are controlled by hormones, growth factors, and intrafollicular regulatory molecules. Small follicles must mature to the preovulatory stage during which time the oocyte, granulosa cells, and theca cells acquire specific functional characteristics. The oocyte becomes competent to undergo meiosis. Granulosa cells acquire the ability to produce estrogens and respond to luteinizing hormone (LH) via the LH receptor. Theca cells begin to synthesize increasing amounts of androgens that serve as substrates for the aromatase enzyme in the granulosa cells (for review, Eppig 1991; Richards 1994). Remarkably, many events are spatially restricted to specific microenvironments within the follicle or surrounding interstitial compartments to allow successful expulsion of the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) from the ruptured follicle (Hess et al. 1999; Hizaki et al. 1999; Sato et al. 2001; Zhou et al. 2001) (Fig. 1). Failure of any one of these events prevents ovulation. Ooocytes become entrapped in follicles or corpora lutea and eventually degenerate. In essence, ovulation is a unique biological event that is obligatory for reproductive success of all species. Our understanding of this process is critical for designing better ways to improve and regulate fertility. This text describes some recent results that document the specific roles of the granulosa cells in directing successful rupture of the follicle as well as the cumulus cells in synthesizing a matrix obligatory for the release of the oocyte from the follicle and its transport into the oviduct.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alexander CM, Reichman F, Hinkes MT, Lincecum J, Becker KA, Cumberledge S, Bernfield M (2000) Syndecan-1 is required for Wnt- 1 -induced mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Nat Genet 25: 329–332

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagavandoss P, Sage EH, Vernon RB (1998) Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine ( SPARC) and thrombospondin in the developing follicle and corpus luteum of the rat. J Histochern Cytochem 46: 1043–1049

    Google Scholar 

  • Brisken C, Heineman A, Chavarria T, Elenbaas B, Tan J, Dey SK, McMahon JA, McMahon AP, Weinberg RA (2000) Essential function of Wnt-4 in mammary gland development downstream of progesterone signaling. Genes Dev 14: 650–654

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cadigan KM, Nusse R (1997) Wnt signaling: a common theme in animal development. Genes Dev 11: 3286–3305

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Zhang H, Powers RW, Russell PT, Larsen WJ (1996) Covalent linkage between proteins of the inter-alpha-inhibitor family and hyaluronic acid is mediated by a factor produced by granulosa cells. J Biol Chem 271: 19409–19414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clemens JW, Kraus WL, Katenellenbogen BS, Richards JS (1998) Hormone induction of progesterone receptor (PR) mRNA and activation of PR promoter regions in ovarian granulosa cells: evidence for a role of cAMP but not estradiol. Mol Endocrinol 12: 1201–1214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman-Krnacik S, Rosen JM (1994) Differential temporal and spatial gene expression of fibroblast growth factor family members during mouse mammary gland development. Mol Endocrinol 8: 218–229

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conneely OM, Mulac-Jericevic B, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ (2001) Reproductive functions of the progesterone receptor isoforms: lessons from knockout mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 179: 97–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Couse JF, Korach KS (1999) Estrogen receptor null mice: what have we learned and where will they lead us? Endocrine Rev 20: 358–417

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Couse JF, Bunch DO, Lindzey J, Schomberg DW, Korach KS (1999) Prevention of the polycystic ovarian phenotype and characterization of ovulatory capacity in the estrogen receptor-a knockout mouse. Endocrinology 140: 5855–5894

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curry TE, Osteen KG (2001) Cyclic changes in the matrix metalloproteinase system in the ovary and uterus. Biol Reprod 64: 1285–1296

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis BJ, Lennard DE, Lee CA, Tiano HF, Morham SG, Wetsel WC, Langenbach R (1999) Anovulation in cyclo-oxygenase-2-deficient mice is restored by prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-13. Endocrinology 140: 2685–2696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinchuk JE, Car BD, Focht RJ, Johnston JJ, Jaffee BD, Covington MB, Contel NR, Eng VM, Collins RJ, Czerniak PM, Gorry SA, Trzaskos J (1995) Renal abnormalities and an altered inflammatory response in mice lacking cyclooxygenase II. Nature 378: 406–409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elvin JA, Clark AT, Wang P, Wolfman NM, Matzuk MM (1999) Paracrine actions of growth differentiation factor-9 in the mammalian ovary. Mol Endocrinol 13: 1035–1048

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eppig JJ (1979) FSH stimulates hyaluronic acid synthesis by oocyte-cumulus cell complexes from mouse preovulatory follicles. Nature 281: 483–484

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eppig JJ (1991) Intercommunication between the mammalian oocytes and companion somatic cells. Bioessays 13: 569–574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espey LL, Ujoka T, Russell DL, Skelsey M, Vladu B, Robker RL, Okamura H, Richards JS (2000a) Induction of early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) gene expression in the rat ovary in response to an ovulatory dose of hCG. Endocrinology 141: 2385–2391

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Espey LL, Yoshioka S, Russell DL, Robker RL, Fujii S, Richards JS (2000b) Ovarian expression of a disintegrin metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs during ovulation in the gonadotropin-primed immature rat. Biol Re-prod 62: 1090–1095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fulop C, Kamath RV, Li Y, Otto JM, Salustri A, Olsen BR, Glant TT, Hascall VC (1997) Coding sequence, exon-intron structure and chromosomal localization of murine TNF-stimulated gene 6 that is specifically expressed by expanding cumulus cell-oocyte complexes. Gene 202: 95–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gras S, Hannibal J, Fahrenkrug J (1999) Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is an auto/paracrine stimulator of acute progesterone accumulation and subsequent luteinization in cultured periovulatory granulosa/lutein cells. Endocrinology 140: 2199–2205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He TC, Sparks AB, Rago C, Hermeking H, Zawel L, da Costa LT, Morin PJ, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (1998) Identification of c-MYC as a target of the APC pathway. Science 281: 1509–1512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess KA, Chen L, Larsen WJ (1999) Inter-a-inhibitor binding to hyaluronan in the cumulus extracellular matrix is required for optimal ovulation and development of mouse oocytes. Biol Reprod 61: 436–443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hizaki H, Segi E, Sugimoto Y, Hirose M, Saji T, Ushikubi F, Matsuoka T, Noda Y, Tanaka T, Yoshida N, Narumiya S, Ichikawa A (1999) Abortive expansion of the cumulus and impaired fertility in mice lacking the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 10501–10506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh M, Johnson M, Greenberg NM, Richards JS (2002) Regulated expression of Wnt and Frizzled Signals in the rodent ovary. Endocrinology (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishidoh K, Kominami E (1998) Gene regulation and extracellular functions of procathepsin L. J Biol Chem 379: 131–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishiguro K, Kojima T, Taguchi O, Saito H, Muramatsu T, Kadomatsu K (1999) Syndecan-4 expression is associated with follicular atresia in mouse ovary. Histchem Cell Biol 112: 25–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa T, Tamai Y, Zorn AM (2001) Mouse Wnt receptor FrdS is essential for yolk sac and placental angiogenesis. Development 128: 25–33

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaffe RC, Donnelly KM, Mavrogianis PA, Verhage HG (1989) Molecular cloning and characterization of a progesterone-dependent cat endometrial secretory protein complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. Mol Endocrinol 3: 1807–1814

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joyce IM, Pendola FL, O’Brien M, Eppig JJ (2001) Regulation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 messenger ribonucleic acid expression in mouse granulosa cells during ovulation. Endocrinology 142: 3187–3197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kispert A, Vanio S, McMahon AP (1998) Wnt-4 is a mesenchymal signal for epithelial transformation of metanephric mesenchyme in the developing kidney. Development 125: 4225–4234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ko C, Park-Sarge OK (2000) Progesterone receptor activation mediates LH-induced type-I pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide receptor (PAC(1)) gene expression in rat granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 277: 270–279

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ko C, In YH, Park-Sarge OK (1999) Role of progesterone receptor activation in pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide gene expression in rat ovary. Endocrinology 140: 5185–5194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhl M, Sheldahl LC, Park M, Miller JR, Moon RT (2000) The Wnt/Ca2+ pathway: a new vertebrate Wnt signaling pathway takes shape. Trends Genet 16: 279–283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuno K, Terashima Y, Matsushima K (1999) ADAMTS-1 is an active metallo- proteinase with the extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 274: 18821–18826

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuno K, Okada Y, Kawashima H, Nakamura H, Miyasaka M, Ohno H, Matsushima K (2000) ADAMTS-1 cleaves a cartilage proteoglycan, aggrecan. FEBS Letters 478: 241–245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee TH, Wisiewski H-G, Vilcek J (1992) A novel secretory tumor necrosis factor-inducible protein (TSG-6) is a member of the family of hyaluronate binding proteins, closely related to the adhesion receptor CD44. J Cell Biol 116: 545–557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin X, Perrimon N (1999) Dally cooperates with Drosophila Frizzled 2 to transduce Wingless signalling. Nature 400: 281–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu T, DeCostanzo AJ, Liu X, Wang HY, Hallagan S, Moon RT, Malbon CC (2001) G protein signaling from activated rat Frizzled-1 to beta-cateninLef-Tcf pathway. Science 292: 1718–1722

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lui K, Wahlberg P, Ny T (1998) Coordinated and cell-specific regulation of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase I (MT1-MMP) and its substrate matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) by physiological signals during follicular development and ovulation. Endocrinology 139: 4735–4738

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lydon JP, DeMayo F, Funk CR, Mani SK, Hughes AR, Montgomery CA, Shyamala G, Conneely OM, O’Malley BW (1995) Mice lacking progesterone receptor exhibit reproductive abnormalities. Genes Dev 9: 2266–2278

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur ME, Irving-Rodgers HF, Byers S, Rodgers RJ (2000) Identification and immunolocalization of decorin, versican, perlecan, nidogen, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in bovine small-antral ovarian follicles. Biol Reprod 63: 913–924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mao J, Wang J, Liu B, Pann W, Fan GH, Flynn C, Yuan H, Takada S, Kimelman D, Li L, Wu D (2001) Low-density lipoprotein related-receptor protein-5 binds to Axin and regulates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Mol Cell 7: 801–809

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller JR, Hocking AM, Brown JD, Moon RT (1999) Mechanism and function of signal transduction by Wnt/beta-catenin and WntJCa2+ pathways. Oncogene 18: 7860–7872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monkley SJ, Delaney SJ, Pennisi DJ, Christiansen JH, Wainwright BJ (1996) Targeted disruption of the Wnt2 gene results in placental defects. Development 122: 3343–3353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morham SG, Langenback R, Loftin CD, Tiano HF, Vouloumanos N, Jennette JC, Mahler JF, Kluckman KD, Ledford A, Lee CA, Smithies 0 (1995) Prostaglandin synthase 2 gene disruption causes severe renal pathology in the mouse. Cell 83: 473–482

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mukhopadhyay D, Hascall VC, Day AJ, Salustri A, Fulop C (2001) Two distinct populations of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 protein in the extracellular matrix of expanded mouse cumulus cell-oocyte complexes. Arch Biochem Biophys 394: 173–181

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulac-Jericevic B, Mullinax RA, DeMayo FJ, Lydon JP, Conneely OM (2000) Subgroup of reproductive functions of progesterone mediated by receptor-B isoform. Science 289: 1751–1754

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura H, Fujii Y, Inoka I, Kazuhiko S, Tanzawa K, Matsuki H, Miura R, Yamaguchi Y, Okada Y (2000) Brevican is degraded by matrix metalloproteinases and aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4) at different sites. J Biol Chem 275: 38885–38890

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natraj U, Richards JS (1993) Hormonal regulation, localization and functional activity of the progesterone receptor in granulosa cells of rat preovulatory follicles. Endocrinology 133: 761–769

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pall M, Mikuni M, Mitsube K, Brannstrom M (2000) Time-dependent ovulation inhibition of a selective progesterone-receptor antagonist (Org 31710) and effect on ovulatory mediators in the in vitro perfused rat ovary. Biol Re-prod 63: 1642–1647

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park O-K, Mayo K (1991) Transient expression of progesterone receptor messenger RNA in ovarian granulosa cells after the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge. Mol Endocrinol 5: 967–978

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park J-II, Kim W-J, Wang L, Park H-J, Lee J, Park J-H, Kwon H-B, Tsafriri A, Chun S-Y (2000) Involvement of progesterone in gonadotropin-induced pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide gene expression in preovulatory follicles of rat ovary. Mol Human Reprod 6: 238–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park PW, Reizes O, Bernfield M (2000) Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans: selective regulators of ligand-receptor encounters. J Biol Chem 275: 29923–29926

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parr BZ, McMahon AP (1998) Sexually dimorphic development of the mammalian reproductive tract requires Wnt 7a. Nature 395: 707–710

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phippard DJ, Weber-Hall SJ, Sharpe PT, Naylor MS, Jayatalake H, Maas R, Woo I, Roberts-Clark D, Francis-West PH, Liu YH, Maxson R, Hill RE, Dale TC (1996) Regulation of Msx-1, Msx-2, Bmp-2 and Bmp-4 during foetal and postnatal mammary gland development. Development 122: 2729–2737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinson KI, Brennan J, Monkley S, Avery BJ, Skarnes WC (2000) An LDL-receptor-related protein mediates Wnt signaling in mice. Nature 407: 535–538

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rattner A, Hsieh JC, Smallwood PM, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Nathans J (1997) A family of secreted proteins contains homology to the cysteine-rich ligand binding domain of frizzled receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 2859–2863

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS (1994) Hormonal control of gene expression in the ovary. Endocr Rev 15: 725–751

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS (2001) Perspective: the ovarian follicle — a perspective in 2001. Endocrinology 142: 1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS, Russell DL, Robker RL, Dajee M, Alliston TN (1998) Molecular mechanisms of ovulation and luteinization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 145: 47–54

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS, Robker RL, Russell, D, Sharma CS, Espey LE, Lydon J, O’Malley BW (2000) Ovulation: a multi-gene, multi-step process. Steroids 65: 559–570

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS, Ochsner S, Russell DL, Falender AE, Hsieh MN, Doyle KH, Sharma Sc (2002a) Novel signaling pathways that control follicular growth and ovulation. Recent Prog Horm Res (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards JS, Russell DL, Ochsner S, Espey LL (2002b) Ovulation: new dimensions and new regulators of the inflammatory-like response. Ann Rev Physiol 64:02. 1–02. 24

    Google Scholar 

  • Robker RL, Richards JS (1998a) Hormonal control of the cell cycle in ovarian cells: proliferation versus differentiation. Biol Reprod 59: 476–482

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robker RL, Richards JS (1998b) Hormone-induced proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells: a coordinated balance of the cell cycle regulators cyclin D2 and p27KIP1. Mol Endocrinol 12: 924–940

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robker RL, Russell DL, Espey LL, Lydon JP, O’Malley BW, Richards JS (2000) Progesterone-regulated genes in the ovulation process: ADAMTS-1 and cathepsin L proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 4689–4694

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose UM, Hanssen RGJM, Kloosterboer HJ (1999) Development and characterization of an in vitro ovulation model using mouse ovarian follicles. Biol Reprod 61: 503–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salustri A, Camaioni A, Di Giacomo M, Fulop C, Hascall VC (1999) Hyaluronan and proteoglycans in ovarian follicles. Hum Reprod Update 5: 293–301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sambrano GR, Huang W, Faruqi T, Mahrus S, Craik C, Coughlin SR (2000) Cathepsin G activates protease-activated receptor-4 in human platelets. J Biol Chem 275: 6819–6823

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato H, Kajikawa S, Kuroda S, Horisawa Y, Nakamura N, Kaga N, Kakinuma C, Kato K, Morishita H, Niwa H, Miyazaki J (2001) Impaired fertility in female mice lacking urinary trypsin inhibitor. Biochem Biphys Res Comm 281: 1154–1160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma CS, Richards JS (2000) Regulation of APl (Jun/Fos) factor expression and activation in ovarian granulosa cells: relation of JunD and Fra2 to terminal differentiation. J Biol Chem 275: 33718–33728

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma SC, Richards JS (2002) Expression and functional analysis of the mouse progesterone receptor promoter-luciferase activation in granulosa cells. In preparation

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirois J, Richards JS (1993) Transcriptional regulation of the rat prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 gene in granulosa cells. J Biol Chem 268: 21931–21938

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirois J, Simmons DL, Richards JS (1992) Hormonal regulation of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding a novel isoform of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase in rat preovulatory follicles. J Biol Chem 267: 11586–11592

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slusarski DC, Corces VG, Moon RT (1997) Interaction of Wnt and a Frizzled homologue triggers G-protein-linked phosphatidylinositol signalling. Nature 390: 410–413

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamai K, Semenov M, Kato Y, Spokony R, Liu C, Katsuyama Y, Hess F, SaintJeannet J-P, He X (2000) LDL-receptor-related proteins in Wnt signal transduction. Nature 407: 530–535

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tilley SL, Audoly LP, Hicks EH, Kim H-S, Flannery PJ, Coffman TM, Koller BH (1999) Reproductive failure and reduced blood pressure in mice lacking the EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor. J Clin Invest 103: 1539–1545

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tortorella MD, Pratta M, Liu R-Q, Austin J, Ross OH, Abbaszade I, Burn T, Amer E (2000) Sites of aggrecan cleavage by recombinant human aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4). J Biol Chem 275: 18566–18573

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuda M, Kamimura K, Nakato H, Archer M, Staatz W, Fox B, Humphrey M, Olson S, Futch T, Kaluza V, Siegfried E, Stam L, Selleck SB (1999) The cell-surface proteoglycan Dally regulates Wingless signalling in Drosophila. Nature 400: 276–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vainio S, Heikkila M, Kispert A, Chin N, McMahon AP (1999) Female development in mammals is regulated by Wnt-4 signalling. Nature 397: 405–409

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez F, Hastings G, Ortega M-A, Lane TF, Oikemus S, Lombardo M, Iruela-Arispe ML (1999) METH-1, a human ortholog of ADAMTS-1, and METH-2 are members of a new family of proteins with angio-inhibitory activity. J Biol Chem 274: 23349–23357

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakefield LM, Piek E, Bottinger EP (2001) TGF-beta signaling in mammary gland development and rumorigenesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 6: 67–82

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weber-Hall SJ, Phippard DJ, Niemeyer CC, Dale TC (1994) Developmental and hormonal regulation of Wnt gene expression in the mouse mammary gland. Differentiation 57: 205–214

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wehrli M, Dougan ST, Caldwell K, O’Keefe L, SchwartZ S, Vaizel-Ohayon D, Schejter E, Tomlinson A, DiNardo S (2000) Arrow encodes an LDL-receptor-related protein essential for Wingless signaling. Nature 407: 527–530

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigel PH, Hascall VC, Tammi M (1997) Hyaluronan synthase. J Biol Chem 272: 13997–14000

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werb Z (1989) Proteinases and matrix degradation. In: Kelly WN (ed) Textbook of rheumatology. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 300–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Woods A, Couchman JR (2000) Integrin modulation by lateral association. J Biol Chem 275: 24233–24236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yauch RL, Kazarov AR, Desai B, Lee RT, Hemler ME (2000) Direct extracellular contact between integrin 0131 and TM4SF protein CD151. J Biol Chem 275: 9230–9238

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka S, Ochsner S, Russell DL, Ujioka T, Fujii S, Richards JS, Espey LL (2000) Expression of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 in the rat ovary in response to an ovulatory dose of gonadotropin. Endocrinology 141: 4114–4119

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou L, Yoneda M, Zhao M, Yingsung W, Yoshida N, Kitagawa Y, Kawamura K, Suzuki t, Kimata K (2001) Defect in SHAP-hyaluronan complex causes severe female infertility: a study by inaction of the bikunin gene in mice. J Biol Chem 276: 7693–7696

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. S. Richards
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, 04609, Bar Harbor, ME, USA

    J. Eppig

  2. Safety Pharm. Mgmt., Schering AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13342, Berlin, Germany

    Ch. Hegele-Hartung

  3. Female Health Care, Schering AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13342, Berlin, Germany

    M. Lessl

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Richards, J.S. (2002). Delivery of the Oocyte from the Follicle to the Oviduct: A Time of Vulnerability. In: Eppig, J., Hegele-Hartung, C., Lessl, M. (eds) The Future of the Oocyte. Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop, vol 41. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04960-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04960-0_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-04962-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-04960-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation