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Growth Regulation of Breast Cancer

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High-Risk Breast Cancer

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Abstract

The normal proliferation of breast epithelium at the time of puberty is dependent on increasing ovarian estrogen concentrations. Breast cancers also appear to be regulated by estrogens. Approximately 60% of metastatic breast tumors express estrogen receptors (ERs), and 50% of these can be treated effectively with hormonal manipulation. Risk factors for breast cancer include early menarche, nulliparity, increased height or weight, and late menopause, all suggestive that prolonged estrogen exposure unopposed by progesterone may be important in breast cancer development [122].

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  1. Medical Breast Cancer Section, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MA, USA

    D. Yee & M. E. Lippman

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  1. Medical Oncology, Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia, 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 4E6, Canada

    Joseph Ragaz MD, FRCP

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Yee, D., Lippman, M.E. (1989). Growth Regulation of Breast Cancer. In: Ragaz, J., Ariel, I.M. (eds) High-Risk Breast Cancer. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73718-3_17

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