Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Defective-Interfering (DI) RNAs of Influenza Viruses: Origin, Structure, Expression, and Interference

  • Chapter
Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 114))

Abstract

Influenza virus was the first virus for which defective-interfering particles were reported. Von Magnus (1947) observed that when he passaged influenza viruses serially undiluted in embryonated chicken eggs, both the amount of total virus particles as assayed by hemagglutinating units (HAU) and the amount of infectious virus particles as assayed by egg infectivity titer (EID50) decreased. However, he observed that the proportion of infectious particles as assayed by EID50 decreased precipitously when compared to the total virus particle (HAU) production. During the undiluted passages many particles were produced which were noninfectious. These noninfectious influenza virus particles produced at high multiplicity were called “incomplete” particles. Von Magnus (1951 a–c) also described the phenomenon of interference when he reported that these “incomplete” particles interfered with the multiplication of complete (infectious, nondefective, or standard) virus particles. This phenomenon of multiplicity dependent production of noninfectious virus particles is also called the “von Magnus phenomenon.” Since this observation was made with influenza viruses, similar multiplicity-dependent formation of noninfectious particles has been observed with almost all animal viruses carefully studied to date; indeed, formation of such particles has also been reported for plant, yeast, and bacterial viruses (Kane et al. 1979; Mills et al. 1967) and, thus, probably represents a general phenomenon for all viruses. The term “defective-interfering” (DI) particles was introduced by Huang and Baltimore (1970) to describe the definitive characteristics of these noninfectious particles and to separate them from other noninfectious particles which may be noninterfering.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

cDNA:

complementary DNA

CEF:

chicken embryo fibroblast

cRNA:

complementary RNA

DI:

defective-interfering

DIU:

defective-interfering units

DNI:

defective-noninterfering

EID50 :

egg infectivity titer (50%)

HA:

hemagglutinin

hemagglutinin:

hemagglutinating units

M:

membrane protein

MDBK:

Madin-Darby bovine kidney

MDCK:

Madin-Darby canine kidney

MOI:

multiplicity of infection

mRNA:

messenger RNA

N:

nucleoprotein (VSV)

NA:

neuraminidase

NDI:

nondefective-interfering

NP:

nucleoprotein (influenza)

NS:

nonstructural protein

PAGE:

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PFU:

plaque-forming units

poly(A):

3′ polyadenosine

RNP:

ribonucleoprotein

tRNA:

transfer RNA

vRNA:

viral RNA

VSV:

vesicular stomatitis virus

WSN:

Wilson-Smith neurotropic virus

References

  • Ada GL, Perry BT (1955) Infectivity and nucleic acid content of influenza virus. Nature (London) 175: 209–210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ada GL, Perry BT (1956) Influenza virus nucleic acid: relationship between biological characteristics of the virus particle and properties of the nucleic acid. J Gen Microbiol 14: 623–633

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akkina RK, Chambers TM, Nayak DP (1984a) Expression of defective–interfering influenza virusspecific transcripts and polypeptides in infected cells. J Virology 51: 395–403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akkina RK, Chambers TM, Nayak DP (1984b) Mechanism of interference by defective-interfering particles of influenza virus: Differential reduction of intracellular synthesis of specific polymerase proteins. Virus Res 1: 687–702

    Google Scholar 

  • Amess LS, Pridgen CL, Kingsbury DW (1982) Sendai virus DI RNA species with conserved virus genome termini and extensive internal deletions. Virology 118: 17–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry RD (1961) The multiplication of influenza virus. 2. Multiplicity reactivation of ultraviolet irradiated virus. Virology 14: 398–405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bay PHS, Reichmann ME (1982) In vitro and in vivo inhibition of primary transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus by a defective interfering particle. J Virol 41: 172–182

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bean WJ, Simpson RW (1976) Transcriptase activity and genome composition of defective influenza virus. J Virol 18: 365–369

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bellett AJD, Cooper PD (1959) Some properties of the transmissible interfering component of vesicular stomatitis virus preparations. J Gen Microbiol 21: 498–509

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Birch-Andersen A, Paucker K (1959) Studies on the structure of influenza virus. 2. Ultrathin sections of infectious and non–infectious particles. Virology 8: 21–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumberg BM, Kolakofsky D (1983) An analytical review of defective infections of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Gen Virol 64: 1839–1847

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blumenthal T, Carmichael GG (1979) RNA replication: function and structure of Qfl replicase. Ann Rev Biochem 48: 525–548

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buonagurio DA, Krystal M, Palese P, DeBorde DC, Maassab HF (1984) Analysis of an influenza A virus mutant with a deletion in the NS segment. J Virol 49: 418–425

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cairns HJF, Edney M (1952) Quantitative aspects of influenza virus multiplication. I. Production of incomplete virus. J Immunol 69: 155–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter MJ, Mahy BWJ (1982 a) Incomplete avian influenza virus contains a defective noninterfering component. Arch Virol 71:12–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Carter MJ, Mahy BWJ (1982b) Incomplete avian influenza A virus displays anomalous interference. Arch Virol 74: 71–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter MJ, Mahy BWJ (1982c) Synthesis of RNA segments 1–3 during generation of incomplete influenza A (fowl plague) virus. Arch Virol 73: 109–119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers TM, Akkina RK, Nayak DP (1984) In vivo transcription and translation of defective interfering particle - specific RNAs of influenza virus. In: Compans RW, Bishop DHL (eds) Segmented Negative Strand Viruses, Academic Orlando, pp 85–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Chanda PK, Chambers TM, Nayak DP (1983) In vitro transcription of defective interfering particles of influenza virus produces poly(A) containing complementary RNAs. J Virol 45: 55–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choppin PW, Pons MW (1970) The RNAs of infective and incomplete influenza virions grown in MDBK and HeLa cells. Virology 42: 603–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chow N, Simpson RW (1971) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity associated with virions and subviral particles of myxoviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 68: 752–756

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole CN (1975) Defective interfering (DI) particles of poliovirus. Prog Med Virol 20: 180–207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crumpton WM, Dimmock NJ, Minor PD, Avery RJ (1978) The RNAs of defective interfering influenza virus. Virology 90: 370–373

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crumpton WM, Clewley JP, Dimmock NJ, Avery RJ (1979) Origin of subgenomic RNAs in defective interfering influenza virus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 6: 431–434

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crumpton WM, Avery RJ, Dimmock NJ (1981) Influence of the host cell on the genomic and subgenomic RNA content of defective interfering influenza virus. J Gen Virol 53:173–177 Davis AR, Nayak DP (1979) Sequence relationships among defective interfering influenza viral

    Google Scholar 

  • RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:3092–3096 Davis AR, Hiti AL, Nayak DP (1980) Influenza defective interfering viral RNA is formed by internal deletion of genomic RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:215–219 De BK, Nayak DP (1980) Defective interfering influenza viruses and host cells: Establishment and maintenance of persistent influenza virus infection in MDBK and HeLa cells. J Virol 36: 847–859

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle M, Holland JJ (1973) Prophylaxis and immunization in mice by use of virus–free defective T particles to protect against intracerebral infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70: 2105–2108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duesberg PH (1968) The RNAs of influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 59: 930–937

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Etkind PR, Buchhagen DL, Herz C, Broni BB, Krug RM (1977) The segments of influenza viral mRNA. J Virol 22: 346–352

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fazekas De St Groth S, Graham DM (1954a) The production of incomplete virus particles among influenza strains. Experiments in eggs. Brit J Exp Path 35: 60–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Fazekas De St Groth S, Graham DM (1954b) Artificial production of incomplete influenza virus. Nature (London) 173: 637–638

    Google Scholar 

  • Fields S, Winter G (1982) Nucleotide sequences of influenza virus segments 1 and 3 reveal mosaic structure of a small viral RNA segment. Cell 28: 303–313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frielle DW, Huang DD, Youngner JS (1984) Persistent infection with influenza A virus: Evolution of virus mutants. Virology 138: 103–107

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamboa ET, Harter DH, Daffy PE, Hsu KC (1975) Murine influenza virus encephalomyelitis. III. Effect of defective interfering particles. Acta Neuropathol 34: 157–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Gard S, von Magnus P (1947) Studies on interference in experimental influenza. 2. Purification and centrifugation experiments. Ark Kemi Mineral Geol 24b, No. 8

    Google Scholar 

  • Gard S, von Magnus P, Svedmyr A, Birch–Andersen A (1952) Studies on the sedimentation of influenza virus. Arch Ges Virusforsch 4: 591–611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ginsberg HS (1954) Formation of non-infectious influenza virus in mouse lungs: Its dependence upon extensive pulmonary consolidation initiated by the viral inoculum. J Exp Med 100: 581–603

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanig M, Bernkopf H (1950) The sedimentable components of influenza virus propagated in deembryonated eggs. J Immunol 65: 585–590

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay AJ, Lomniczi B, Bellamy AR, Skehel JJ (1977) Transcription of the influenza virus genome. Virology 83: 337–355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henle W (1953) Multiplication of influenza virus in the entodermal cells of the allantois of chick embryo. Adv Virus Res 1: 141–227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinshaw VS, Bean WJ, Webster RG, Sriram G (1980) Genetic reassortment of influenza A viruses in the intestinal tract of ducks. Virology 102: 412–419

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirst GK, Pons MW (1973) Mechanism of influenza recombination. II. Virus aggregation and its effect on plaque formation by so-called noninfective virus. Virology 56: 620–631

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland J, Grabau EA, Jones CL, Semler BL (1979) Evolution of multiple genome mutations during long-term persistent infection by vesicular stomatitis virus. Cell 16: 495–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holland J, Kennedy SIT, Semler BL, Jones CL, Roux L, Grabau EA (1980) Defective interfering RNA viruses and host cell response. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds) Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 16. Plenum New York, pp 137–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Holland J, Spindler K, Horodyski F, Grabau E, Nichol S, VandePol S (1982) Rapid evolution of RNA genomes. Science 215: 1577–1585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horsfall FL (1954) On the reproduction of influenza virus. Quantitative studies with procedures which enumerate infective and haemagglutinating virus particles. J Exp Med 100: 135–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horsfall FL (1955) Reproduction of influenza viruses. Quantitative investigations with particle enumeration procedures on the dynamics of influenza A and B virus reproduction. J Exp Med 102: 441–473

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyle L (1968) The influenza viruses. Virology Monographs Vol 4, Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang AS (1975) Defective interfering viruses. Ann Rev Microbiol 27: 101–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang AS (1977) Viral pathogenesis and molecular biology. Bacteriol Rev 41: 811–821

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang AS (1982) Significance of sequence rearrangements in rhabdovirus. ASM News 48: 148–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang AS, Wagner RR (1966) Defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. II. Biological role in homologous interference. Virology 30: 173–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang AS, Baltimore D (1970) Defective viral particles and viral disease processes. Nature (London) 226: 325–327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang AS, Baltimore D (1977) Defective interfering animal viruses. In: Fraenkel-Conrat H, Wagner RR (eds). Comprehensive Virology, Vol 10. Plenum, New York, pp 73–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang AS, Little SP, Oldstone MBA, Rao D (1978) Defective interfering particles: their effect on gene expression and replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. In: Stevens JG, Todaro GH,Fox CF (eds) Persistent viruses. ICN-UCLA Symposium on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Vol VI. Academic New York, pp 399–408

    Google Scholar 

  • Janda JM, Nayak DP (1979) Defective influenza viral ribonucleoproteins cause interference. J Virol 32: 697–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janda JM, Davis AR, Nayak DP, De BK (1979) Diversity and generation of defective interfering influenza virus particles. Virology 95: 48–58

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jennings PA, Finch JT, Winter G, Robertson JS (1983) Does the higher order structure of the influenza virus ribonucleoprotein guide sequence rearrangements in influenza viral RNA? Cell 34: 619–627

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kane WP, Pietras DF, Bruenn J A (1979) Evolution of defective-interfering double stranded RNAs of yeast killer virus. J Virol 32: 692–696

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaptein J, Nayak DP (1982) Complete nucleotide sequence of the polymerase 3 (P3) gene of human influenza virus A/WSN/33. J Virol 42: 55–63

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaverin N, Kolomietz L, Rudneva I (1980) Incomplete influenza virus. Partial functional complementation as revealed by hemadsorbing cell count test. J Virol 34: 506–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilbourne ED, Gerhard W, Whitaker CW (1983) Monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin Sa antigenic site of A/PR/8/34 influenza virus distinguish biologic mutants of swine influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6399–6402

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King AMQ, McCahon D, Slade WR, Newman JWI (1982) Recombination in RNA. Cell 29: 921–928

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kingsbury DW (1974) The molecular biology of paramyxoviruses. Med Microbiol Immunol 160: 73–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kolakofsky D (1976) Isolation and characterization of Sendai virus DI RNAs. Cell 8: 547–555

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krug RM (1983) Transcription and replication of influenza viruses. In: Palese P, Kingsbury DW (eds) Genetics of Influenza Viruses,. Springer, Vienna, pp 70–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazzarini RA, Keene JD, Schubert M (1981) The origin of defective interfering particles of the negative strand RNA viruses. Cell 26: 145–154

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtovaara P, Soderlund H, Kernen S, Petterson RF, Kaarianen L (1981) 18 S defective interfering RNA of Semliki forest virus contains a triplicate linear repeat. Proc Natl Sci USA 78:5353–5357

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenard J, Compans RW (1975) Polypeptide composition of incomplete influenza virus grown in MDBK cells. Virology 65: 418–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leppert M, Rittenhouse L, Perrault J, Summers D, Kolakofsky D (1979) Plus and minus strand leader RNAs in negative strand virus-infected cells. Cell 18: 735–747

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lief FS, Fabiyi A, Henle W (1956) The decreased incorporation of S antigen into elementary bodies of increasing incompleteness. Virology 2: 782–797

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lundquist RE, Sullivan M, Maizel JV Jr (1979) Characterization of a new isolate of poliovirus defective interfering particles. Cell 18: 759–769

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus P (1947) Studies on interference in experimental influenza. I. Biological observations. Ark Kemi Mineral Geol 24b (7): 1

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus P (1951a) Propagation of the PR8 strain of influenza virus in chick embryos. I. The influence of various experimental conditions on virus multiplication. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 28: 250–277

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus P (1951b) Propagation of the PR8 strain of influenza virus in chick embryos. II. The formation of “incomplete” virus following the inoculation of large doses of seed virus. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 28: 278–293

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus P (1951c) Propagation of the PR8 strain of influenza virus in chick embryos. III. Properties of the incomplete virus produced in serial passages of undiluted virus. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 29: 157–181

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus P (1952) Propagation of the PR8 strain of influenza virus in chick embryos. IV. Studies on the factors involved in the formation of incomplete virus upon serial passage of undiluted virus. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 30: 311–335

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus P (1954) Incomplete forms of influenza virus. Adv Virus Res 2: 59–78

    Google Scholar 

  • von Magnus P (1965) The in ovo production of incomplete virus by B/Lee and A/PR8 influenza viruses. Arch Ges Virusforsch 17: 414–423

    Google Scholar 

  • Manire GP (1957) Studies on the toxicity for mice of incomplete influenza virus. Acta Path Microbiol Scand 40: 501–510

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCauley JW, Mahy BWJ (1983) Structure and function of the influenza virus genome. Biochem J 211: 281–294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKee AP (1951) Non-toxic influenza virus. J Immunol 66: 151–167

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills DR, Peterson RI, Spiegelman S (1967) An extracellular Darwinian experiment with a selfduplicating nucleic acid molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 58: 217–224

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monroe SS, Ou G-S, Rice CM, Schlesinger S, Strauss E, Strauss JH (1982) Sequence analysis of cDNAs derived from the RNA of Sindbis virions and of defective interfering particles. J Virol 41: 153–162

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monroe SS, Schlesinger S (1983) RNAs of two independently isolated defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus contains a cellular tRNA sequence at their 5’ ends. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 3279–3283

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore DH, Davies MC, Levine S, Englert ME (1962) Correlation of structure with infectivity of influenza virus. Virology 17: 470–479

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morgan C, Hsu KC, Rose HM (1962) Structure and development of viruses as observed in the electron microscope. VII. Incomplete influenza virus. J Exp Med 116: 553–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss BA, Brownlee GG (1981) Sequence of DNA complementary to a small RNA segment of influenza virus A/NT/60/68. Nucleic Acids Res 9: 1941–1947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakajima K, Ueda M, Sugiura A (1979) Origin of small RNA in von Magnus particles of influenza virus. J Virol 29: 1142–1148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP (1969) Influenza viruses: Structure, replication and defectiveness. Fed Proc 28: 1858–1865

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP (1972) Defective virus RNA synthesis and production of incomplete influenza virus in chick embryo cells. J Gen Virol 14: 63–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP (1980) Defective interfering influenza viruses. Ann Rev Microbiol 34: 619–644

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP, Baluda MA (1967) Isolation and partial characterization of nucleic acid of influenza virus. J Virol 1: 1217–1223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP, Sivasubramanian N (1983) The structure of the influenza defective interfering (DI) RNAs and their progenitor genes. In: Palese P, Kingsbury DW (eds) Genetics of Influenza Viruses. Springer–Verlag Vienna, pp 255–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP, Tobita K, Janda JM, Davis AR, De BK (1978) Homologous interference mediated by defective interfering influenza virus derived from a temperature-sensitive mutant of influenza virus. J Virol 28: 375–386

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP, Davis AR, Cortini R (1982a) Defective interfering influenza viruses: complete sequence analysis of a DI RNA. In: Nayak DP (ed) Genetic variation Among Influenza Viruses, Academic New York, pp 77–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayak DP, Sivasubramanian N, Davis AR, Cortini R, Sung J (1982 b) Complete sequence analyses show that two defective interfering influenza viral RNAs contain a single internal deletion of a polymerase gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 79:2216–2220

    Google Scholar 

  • Palese P (1977) The genes of influenza virus. Cell 10: 1–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palese P, Kingsbury DW, eds (1983) Genetics of Influenza Viruses. Springer Vienna Paucker K, Henle W (1955) Studies on host-virus interaction in the chick embryo influenza virus system. XII. Further analysis of yields derived from heat-inactivated standard seeds. J Exp Med 101: 493–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Paucker K, Birch-Andersen A, von Magnus P (1959) Studies on the structure of influenza virus. I. Components of infectious and incomplete particles. Virology 8: 1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Penn CR, Mahy BWJ (1984) Expression of influenza virus subgenomic virion RNAs in infected cells. In: Compans RW, Bishop DHL (eds) Segmented Negative Strand Viruses, Academic Orlando, pp 173–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrault J (1981) Origin and replication of defective interfering particles. Current Topics Microbiol Immunol 93: 151–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perrault J, Semler BW, Leavitt RW, Holland J J (1978) Inverted complementary terminal sequences in defective interfering particle RNAs of vesicular stomatitis virus and their possible role in autointerference. In: Mahy BWJ, Barry RD (eds) Negative Strand Viruses and the Host Cell. Academic New York, pp 527–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrault J, Clinton GM, McClure MA (1983) RNP template of vesicular stomatitis virus regulates transcription and replication functions. Cell 35: 175–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peters D (1959) Morphology of viruses pathogenic for man and animals (German). Zbl. Bakt I Abt Orig 176: 259–294

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pettersson RF (1981) 5’-terminal nucleotide sequence of Semliki forest virus 18S defective interfering RNA is heterogeneous and different from the genomic 42S RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:115–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Pons M, Hirst GK (1969) The single and double-stranded RNAs and the proteins of incomplete influenza virus. Virology 38: 68–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pons MW (1980) The genome of incomplete influenza virus. Virology 100: 43–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabinowitz SG, Huprikar J (1979) Influence of defective-interfering particles of the PR8 strain of influenza A virus on the pathogenesis of pulmonary infection in mice. J Infect Dis 140: 305–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rao DD, Huang AS (1982) Interference among defective interfering particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol 41: 210–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson JS, Schubert M, Lazzarini RA (1981) Polyadenylation sites for influenza virus mRNA. J Virol 38: 157–163

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Schafer W (1960) Untersuchungen iiber die hamagglutinierenden-nichtinfektiosen Teilchen der Influenza-Viren. I. Die Erzeugung von „inkompletten Formen” beim Virus der klassischen Gefliigelpest (v. Magnus-Phanomen ). Z Naturforsch 150: 691–693

    Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Schafer W (1961) Untersuchungen uber die hamagglutinierenden nichtinfektiosen Teilchen der Influenza-Viren ( German ). Z Naturforsch 16b: 310–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Scholtissek C (1963) Investigations about the formation of incomplete forms of fowl plague virus. J Gen Microbiol 33: 303–312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rott R, Orlich M, Scholtissek C (1983) Pathogenicity reactivation of nonpathogenic influenza virus recombinants under von Magnus conditions. Virology 126: 459–465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowlands D, Grabau E, Spindler K, Jones C, Semler B, Holland J (1980) Virus protein changes and RNA termini alterations evolving during persistent infection. Cell 19: 871–880

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schafer W (1955) Sero–immunologic studies on incomplete forms of the virus of classical fowl plague (German). Arch Exp Vet Med 9: 218–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholtissek C, Drzeniek R, Rott R (1966) Stepwise inactivation of an influenza virus by serial undiluted passages. Virology 30: 313–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seto JT (1964) Sialidase (neuraminidase) activity of standard and incomplete virus. Biochem Biophys Acta 90: 420–422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiota O (1956) Studies on the incomplete form of influenza virus. II. The morphological characteristics of so-called incomplete particles of the virus (Japanese). Virus 6: 193–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Sivasubramanian N, Nayak DP (1983) Defective interfering influenza RNAs of polymerase 3 gene contain single as well as multiple internal deletions. Virology 124: 232–237

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith GL, Hay AJ (1982) Replication of the influenza virus genome. Virology 118: 96–108

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ueda M, Nakajima K, Suguira A (1980) Extra RNAs of von Magnus particles of influenza virus cause reduction of particular polymerase genes. J Virol 34: 1–8

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhler M, Gard S (1954) Lipid content of standard and incomplete influenza A virus. Nature (London) 173: 1041–1042

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waterson AP, Rott R, Schafer W (1961) The structure of fowl plague virus and virus N. Z Naturforsch 16b: 154–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster R, Kawaoka Y, Bean WJ, Naeve CW, Wood JM (1984) Characterization of virulent and avirulent A/chick/Pennsylvania/83 (H5N2). An International Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Meeting, Green Pia Miki, Japan

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss B, Schlesinger S (1981) Defective interfering particles of Sindbis virus do not interfere withhomologous virus obtained from persistently infected BHK cells but do interfere with Semliki Forest virus. J Virol 37: 840–844

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh RM, Lampert PW, Oldstone MBA (1977) Prevention of virus-induced cerebellar disease by defective interfering lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J Infect Dis 136: 391–399

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner GH (1956) Quantitive studies on influenza virus infection of the chick embryo by the amniotic route. J Bact 71: 505–515

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner GH, Schlesinger RW (1954) Morphological and quantitative comparison between infectious and non-infectious forms of the influenza virus. J Exp Med 100: 203–215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winter G, Fields S, Ratti G (1981) The structure of the two subgenomic RNAs from human influenza virus A/PR/8/34. Nucleic Acids Res 9: 6907–6915

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Lazzarini RA (1983) Analysis of the recombination event generating a vesicular stomatitis virus deletion defective interfering particle. J Virol 45: 766–772

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshishita T, Kawai K, Fukai K, Ito R (1959) Analysis of infective particles in incomplete virus preparations of the von Magnus type. Biken J 2: 25

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA

    D. P. Nayak, T. M. Chambers & R. K. Akkina

Authors
  1. D. P. Nayak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. M. Chambers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. K. Akkina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Birmingham, Alabama, USA

    M. Cooper

  2. Paris, France

    H. Eisen

  3. Würzburg, Germany

    W. Goebel

  4. Martinsried, Germany

    P. H. Hofschneider

  5. Philadelphia, USA

    H. Koprowski

  6. Basel, Switzerland

    F. Melchers

  7. La Jolla, California, USA

    M. Oldstone  & I. Wilson  & 

  8. Gießen, Germany

    R. Rott

  9. Ladenburg/Heidelberg, Germany

    H. G. Schweiger

  10. Los Angeles, USA

    P. K. Vogt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nayak, D.P., Chambers, T.M., Akkina, R.K. (1985). Defective-Interfering (DI) RNAs of Influenza Viruses: Origin, Structure, Expression, and Interference. In: Cooper, M., et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 114. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70227-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70227-3_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-70229-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-70227-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation