Abstract
To measure terrain, surface features, position coordinates, heights, and gravity values at points on the Earth’s surface, there need to be corresponding reference points or surfaces (also known as datum points or surfaces), namely geodetic datums, to which surveying and mapping results are referred. Geodetic datums consist chiefly of coordinate datums (including classical horizontal datums and three-dimensional coordinate datums), vertical datums, sounding datums, as well as gravity datums. Geodetic datums provide initial data for all kinds of surveying and mapping work and serve as the foundation for determining the geometric shape and spatial–temporal distribution of geospatial information. Again, it is geodetic datums that are referred to when the spatial positions of geographical features in the real world are expressed in the data space. The missions of constructing geodetic datums include determining and defining the coordinate system, height system, and gravity reference system, and establishing and maintaining the coordinate framework (horizontal and satellite geodetic control networks), elevation framework (vertical control network), and gravimetric framework (gravity control network). This chapter mainly discusses geodetic datums and the methods, principles, and plans for establishing geodetic control networks.
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References
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Review and Study Questions
Review and Study Questions
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1.
What is geodetic datum and how many datums does it consist of?
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2.
How many types of geodetic control networks are there? Briefly describe the methods for establishing each type of geodetic control network.
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3.
What are the principles of establishing the national horizontal control networks and the national leveling networks?
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4.
Into how many orders can the national horizontal control networks be classified? Outline the specifications (mean square error of angle observation, relative mean square error of side length, and average side length) for establishing the national horizontal control networks of different orders.
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5.
What are the specifications (constant error, ratio error) for establishing the national GPS networks of different orders?
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6.
Explain the concepts of zero elevation surface and leveling origin.
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Describe the overview of development of the international gravity datum.
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8.
Briefly describe the plans for establishing the national gravity network.
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Lu, Z., Qu, Y., Qiao, S. (2014). Geodetic Datum and Geodetic Control Networks. In: Geodesy. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41245-5_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41245-5_3
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