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The Phylum Planctomycetes

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The Prokaryotes

Abstract

The Planctomycetes is a bacterial phylum with multiple distinctive, and often unique, morphological, structural, metabolic, and genomic characteristics. Perhaps, the most important of which are the peptidoglycan-less cell walls and the intracellular compartmentalization. Isolation, as well as 16S rRNA gene-based diversity, surveys established the ubiquitous distribution of Planctomycetes. Currently, the phylum contains two classes, Planctomycetia and Phycisphaerae; three orders, Phycosphaerales, Planctomycetales, and Cand. Brocadiales (comprising all members of the anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms); twelve genera; and five candidate genera. Thirteen Planctomycetes genomes covering ten genera have been either partially or completely sequenced. Recently, a significant step towards genetic manipulation has been taken by establishing a genetic system for one of the members of Planctomycetes, Planctomyces limnophilus. In this chapter, we highlight the common structural and morphological features of members of Planctomycetes; shed some light on their genomics, molecular analysis, and phylogeny; and emphasize the metabolic capabilities and physiological properties of pure cultures as well as those inferred from genomes. Characteristics that collectively differentiate Planctomycetes from other bacteria, as well as those that are taxonomically informative and could be used for genera and species differentiation, are discussed. Finally, enrichment and isolation procedures are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 1110 S. Innovation way, Stillwater, OK, 74074, USA

    Noha H. Youssef & Mostafa S. Elshahed

Authors
  1. Noha H. Youssef
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  2. Mostafa S. Elshahed
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Correspondence to Noha H. Youssef .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  2. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  3. Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

    Edward F. DeLong

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen Lory

  5. Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

  6. Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Fabiano Thompson

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Youssef, N.H., Elshahed, M.S. (2014). The Phylum Planctomycetes. In: Rosenberg, E., DeLong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E., Thompson, F. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38954-2_155

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