Abstract
Choosing the comparative analysis of biomass partitioning of the two competing tree species, European beech and Norway spruce, with their contrasting crown architecture and foliage habit as a starting point, the outcome from an 8-year free-air canopy exposure experiment to an enhanced ozone (O3) regime is comprehended. The experiment had been employed for interfering with resource allocation according to the growth–differentiation-balance theory.
Clarification of growth performance of both species is considered as a prerequisite for the analysis of tree response to abiotic and biotic stress. Therefore, after introducing into the research site “Kranzberger Forst”, both the tree species are compared for their competitiveness in view of space-related resource use. This kind of examination allows cost–benefit analyses of competition-associated resource turnover and, in addition, standardises comparisons between the contrasting foliage habits. Subsequently a conceptual approach is presented on how defence costs may be estimated for each species. O3 responses are discussed in view of stress signalling mechanisms and potential discrepancies between ontogenetic stages. Conclusions are drawn on the different strategies of beech and spruce in coping with conflicting resource demands between growth and defence.
The better adaptation of beech to react on disturbances fails in the case of ozone stress where beech was found to be more susceptible than spruce by allocating carbon to the roots leading to allometric changes and a loss in wood production aboveground.
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Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance by Thomas Feuerbach, Peter Kuba, Josef Heckmair and Ilse Süß. We thank Prof. Dr. J. Fromm, Prof. Dr. C. Körner and Prof. Dr. U. Lüttge for helpful suggestions. The work had been funded within the interdisciplinary research programme “Growth and Parasite Defence” (SFB 607) by “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft” and within the project CASIROZ (FP 5) by the European Commission (EVK2-2002-00165). We thank “Bayerische Staatsforsten” for providing the research site.
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Häberle, KH. et al. (2012). Case Study “Kranzberger Forst”: Growth and Defence in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). In: Matyssek, R., Schnyder, H., Oßwald, W., Ernst, D., Munch, J., Pretzsch, H. (eds) Growth and Defence in Plants. Ecological Studies, vol 220. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30645-7_11
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