Skip to main content

Image Analysis of DETECHIP® – A Molecular Sensing Array

  • Conference paper
Advances in Computer Science, Engineering & Applications

Abstract

Several image analysis techniques were applied to a colorimetric chemical sensor array called DETECHIP®. Analytes such as illegal and over the counter drugs can be detected and identified by digital image analysis. Jpeg images of DETECHIP® arrays with and without analytes were obtained using a camera and a simple flatbed scanner. Color information was obtained by measuring red-green-blue (RGB) values with image software like GIMP, Photoshop, and ImageJ. Several image analysis methods were evaluated for analysis of both photographs and scanned images of DETECHIP®. We determined that when compared to photographs, scanned images of DETECHIP® gave better results through the elimination of parallax and shading that lead to inconsistent results. Furthermore, results using an ImageJ macro technique showed improved consistency versus the previous method when human eyesight was used as a detection method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Burks, R.M., Pacquette, S.E., Guericke, M.A., Wilson, M.V., Sy-monsbergen, D.J., Lucas, K.A., Holmes, A.E.: Detechipr: A sensor for drugs of abuse. Journal of Forensic Science 55(3), 723–727 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Holmes, A.E.: Detechip: Molecular color and fluorescent sensory arrays for small molecules. United States Patent US2010/0197516 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Unidc, P. (ed.): Rapid testing methods of drugs of abuse. United Nations, New York (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  4. O’Neal, C.L., Crouch, D.J., Fatah, A.A.: Validation of twelve chemical spot tests for the detection of drugs of abuse. Forensic Science International 108(1), 189–201 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Morris, J.A.: Modified bobalt thiocyanate presumptive color test for ketamine hydrochloride. Journal of Forensic Science 52(1), 84–87 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Justice, U.S.D.O. (ed.): Color test reagents/kits for preliminary identification of drugs of abuse, Washington, D.C (July 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  7. ElSohly, M.A., Salamore, S.J.: Prevalence of drugs used in cases of alleged sexual assault. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 23, 141–146 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kollroser, M., Schober, C.: Simultaneous analysis of flunitrazepam and its major metabolites in muman plasma by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Assays 28, 1173–1182 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Huang, Q., He, X., Ma, C., Liu, R., Yu, S., Dayer, C.A., Wenger, G.R., McKernam, R., Cook, J.M.: Pharmacophore/receptor models for gabaa/bzr subtypes (α1β3γ2, α5β3γ2, and α6β3γ2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 42(1), 71–95 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Negrusz, A., Moore, C., Deitermann, D., Lewis, D., Kaleciak, K., Kron-strand, R., Feeley, B., Niedbala, R.S.: Highly sensitive micro-plate enzyme immunoassay screening and nci-gc-ms confirmation of flunitrazepam and its major metabolite 7-aminoflunitrazepam in hair. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 23(6), 429–435 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sure Screen Diagnostics, Ltd., U.K (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Lyon, M.: Detechipr: An improved molecular sensing array. Journal of Forensic Research 2(4), 1–7 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liang, K., Li, W., Ren, H.R., Liu, X.L., Wang, W.J., Yang, R., Han, D.J.: Color measurements for rgb white leds in solid-state lighting using a bdj photodetector. Displays 30(3), 107–113 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lim, S.H., Musto, C.J., Park, E., Zhong, W., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensory array for detection and identification of sugars. Organic Letters 10(20), 4405–4408 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lin, H., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensory array for detection of triacetone triperoxide vapor. Journal of American Chemical Society 132(44), 15519–15521 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Soldat, D.J., Barak, P., Lepore, B.J.: Microscale colorimetric analysis: Using a desktop scanner and automated digital image analysis. Journal of Chemical Education 86(5), 617–620 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Steiner, M.-S., Meier, R.J., Duerkop, A., Wolfbeis, O.S.: Chromogenic sensing of biogenic amines using a chameleon probe and the red-green-blue readout of digital camera images. Analytical Chemistry 82(1), 8402–8405 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Valverde, J., This, H.: Quatitative determination of photosynthetic pigments in green beans using thin-layer chromatography and a flatbed scanner as a densitometer. Journal of Chemical Education 84(1), 1505–1507 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Feng, L., Musto, C.J., Kemling, J.W., Lim, S.H., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensor array for identification of toxic gases below permissible exposure limits. Chemical Communications 46(1), 2037–2039 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Feng, L., Musto, C.J., Suslick, K.S.: A simple and highly sensitive colorimetric detection method for gaseous formaldehyde. Journal of American Chemical Society 132, 4046–4047 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Janzen, M.C., Ponder, J.B., Bailey, D.P., Ingison, C.K., Suslick, K.S.: Colorimetric sensor arrays for volatile organic compounds. Analytical Chemistry 78(1), 3591–3600 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Rakow, N.A., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensor array for odour visualization. Nature 406(1), 710–714 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Imagej home page (June 2010), http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/

  24. Gimp home page (June 2010), http://www.gimp.org/

  25. Peng, T.: Detect circles with various radii in grayscale image via hough transform. MATLAB Central (2005)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lyon, M. et al. (2012). Image Analysis of DETECHIP® – A Molecular Sensing Array. In: Wyld, D., Zizka, J., Nagamalai, D. (eds) Advances in Computer Science, Engineering & Applications. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, vol 166. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30157-5_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30157-5_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30156-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30157-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics