Abstract
Several image analysis techniques were applied to a colorimetric chemical sensor array called DETECHIP®. Analytes such as illegal and over the counter drugs can be detected and identified by digital image analysis. Jpeg images of DETECHIP® arrays with and without analytes were obtained using a camera and a simple flatbed scanner. Color information was obtained by measuring red-green-blue (RGB) values with image software like GIMP, Photoshop, and ImageJ. Several image analysis methods were evaluated for analysis of both photographs and scanned images of DETECHIP®. We determined that when compared to photographs, scanned images of DETECHIP® gave better results through the elimination of parallax and shading that lead to inconsistent results. Furthermore, results using an ImageJ macro technique showed improved consistency versus the previous method when human eyesight was used as a detection method.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Burks, R.M., Pacquette, S.E., Guericke, M.A., Wilson, M.V., Sy-monsbergen, D.J., Lucas, K.A., Holmes, A.E.: Detechipr: A sensor for drugs of abuse. Journal of Forensic Science 55(3), 723–727 (2010)
Holmes, A.E.: Detechip: Molecular color and fluorescent sensory arrays for small molecules. United States Patent US2010/0197516 (2009)
Unidc, P. (ed.): Rapid testing methods of drugs of abuse. United Nations, New York (1994)
O’Neal, C.L., Crouch, D.J., Fatah, A.A.: Validation of twelve chemical spot tests for the detection of drugs of abuse. Forensic Science International 108(1), 189–201 (2000)
Morris, J.A.: Modified bobalt thiocyanate presumptive color test for ketamine hydrochloride. Journal of Forensic Science 52(1), 84–87 (2007)
Justice, U.S.D.O. (ed.): Color test reagents/kits for preliminary identification of drugs of abuse, Washington, D.C (July 2000)
ElSohly, M.A., Salamore, S.J.: Prevalence of drugs used in cases of alleged sexual assault. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 23, 141–146 (1999)
Kollroser, M., Schober, C.: Simultaneous analysis of flunitrazepam and its major metabolites in muman plasma by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Assays 28, 1173–1182 (2002)
Huang, Q., He, X., Ma, C., Liu, R., Yu, S., Dayer, C.A., Wenger, G.R., McKernam, R., Cook, J.M.: Pharmacophore/receptor models for gabaa/bzr subtypes (α1β3γ2, α5β3γ2, and α6β3γ2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 42(1), 71–95 (2000)
Negrusz, A., Moore, C., Deitermann, D., Lewis, D., Kaleciak, K., Kron-strand, R., Feeley, B., Niedbala, R.S.: Highly sensitive micro-plate enzyme immunoassay screening and nci-gc-ms confirmation of flunitrazepam and its major metabolite 7-aminoflunitrazepam in hair. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 23(6), 429–435 (1999)
Sure Screen Diagnostics, Ltd., U.K (2011)
Lyon, M.: Detechipr: An improved molecular sensing array. Journal of Forensic Research 2(4), 1–7 (2011)
Liang, K., Li, W., Ren, H.R., Liu, X.L., Wang, W.J., Yang, R., Han, D.J.: Color measurements for rgb white leds in solid-state lighting using a bdj photodetector. Displays 30(3), 107–113 (2009)
Lim, S.H., Musto, C.J., Park, E., Zhong, W., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensory array for detection and identification of sugars. Organic Letters 10(20), 4405–4408 (2008)
Lin, H., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensory array for detection of triacetone triperoxide vapor. Journal of American Chemical Society 132(44), 15519–15521 (2010)
Soldat, D.J., Barak, P., Lepore, B.J.: Microscale colorimetric analysis: Using a desktop scanner and automated digital image analysis. Journal of Chemical Education 86(5), 617–620 (2009)
Steiner, M.-S., Meier, R.J., Duerkop, A., Wolfbeis, O.S.: Chromogenic sensing of biogenic amines using a chameleon probe and the red-green-blue readout of digital camera images. Analytical Chemistry 82(1), 8402–8405 (2010)
Valverde, J., This, H.: Quatitative determination of photosynthetic pigments in green beans using thin-layer chromatography and a flatbed scanner as a densitometer. Journal of Chemical Education 84(1), 1505–1507 (2007)
Feng, L., Musto, C.J., Kemling, J.W., Lim, S.H., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensor array for identification of toxic gases below permissible exposure limits. Chemical Communications 46(1), 2037–2039 (2010)
Feng, L., Musto, C.J., Suslick, K.S.: A simple and highly sensitive colorimetric detection method for gaseous formaldehyde. Journal of American Chemical Society 132, 4046–4047 (2010)
Janzen, M.C., Ponder, J.B., Bailey, D.P., Ingison, C.K., Suslick, K.S.: Colorimetric sensor arrays for volatile organic compounds. Analytical Chemistry 78(1), 3591–3600 (2006)
Rakow, N.A., Suslick, K.S.: A colorimetric sensor array for odour visualization. Nature 406(1), 710–714 (2000)
Imagej home page (June 2010), http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/
Gimp home page (June 2010), http://www.gimp.org/
Peng, T.: Detect circles with various radii in grayscale image via hough transform. MATLAB Central (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lyon, M. et al. (2012). Image Analysis of DETECHIP® – A Molecular Sensing Array. In: Wyld, D., Zizka, J., Nagamalai, D. (eds) Advances in Computer Science, Engineering & Applications. Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, vol 166. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30157-5_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30157-5_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-30156-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-30157-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)