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The Circadian Control of Sleep

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Circadian Clocks

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 217))

Abstract

The sleep/wake cycle is arguably the most familiar output of the circadian system, however, sleep is a complex biological process that arises from multiple brain regions and neurotransmitters, which is regulated by numerous physiological and environmental factors. These include a circadian drive for wakefulness as well as an increase in the requirement for sleep with prolonged waking (the sleep homeostat). In this chapter, we describe the regulation of sleep, with a particular emphasis on the contribution of the circadian system. Since their identification, the role of clock genes in the regulation of sleep has attracted considerable interest, and here, we provide an overview of the interplay between specific elements of the molecular clock with the sleep regulatory system. Finally, we summarise the role of the light environment, melatonin and social cues in the modulation of sleep, with a focus on the role of melanopsin ganglion cells.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Laurence Brown for preparation of Fig. 3. The authors work is funded by a Wellcome Trust Programme Grant (awarded to RGF) and a BBSRC project grant (awarded to SNP). SPF was supported by a Knoop Junior Research Fellowship (St Cross, Oxford).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biosciences Division, SRI International, Centre for Neuroscience, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

    Simon P. Fisher

  2. Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Level 5-6 West Wing, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK

    Russell G. Foster & Stuart N. Peirson

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  1. Simon P. Fisher
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  2. Russell G. Foster
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  3. Stuart N. Peirson
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Correspondence to Russell G. Foster or Stuart N. Peirson .

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  1. , Laboratory of Chronobiology, Charité Universiätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, Berlin, 10115, Germany

    Achim Kramer

  2. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethestrasse 31/ I, München, 80336, Germany

    Martha Merrow

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Fisher, S.P., Foster, R.G., Peirson, S.N. (2013). The Circadian Control of Sleep. In: Kramer, A., Merrow, M. (eds) Circadian Clocks. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 217. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_7

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