Abstract
Interactions between learners and pedagogical agents may take on a more or less social tone, dependent on many possible factors. We investigate the effects of manipulating agent dialog on learner-agent interpersonal relations, which is hypothesized to promote learning. We have implemented our model of social instructional dialog (SID) in an agent in a virtual learning environment for instructing intercultural interactions. SID is designed to support students in taking a social orientation towards learning, through the use of conversational strategies that are theorized to produce positive interpersonal effects. This paper reports on the results of an empirical study (N=60) comparing SID to a corresponding task informational dialog (TID) model without these social features. We found that the SID model had significant positive effects on learners’ entitativity, shared perspective, and trust with the agent. Moreover, these effects transferred to other non-SID based agents in the environment. We discuss how these findings may impact development of dialog for future agents.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Litman, D., Silliman, S.: ITSPOKE: An Intelligent Tutoring Spoken Dialogue System. In: Companion Proc. of the HLT/NAACL, Boston, MA (2004)
Jordan, P., Makatchev, M., Pappuswamy, U., VanLehn, K., Albacete, P.: A natural language tutorial dialogue system for physics. In: Sutcliffe, G., Goebel, R. (eds.) Proceedings of the 19th Intl FLAIRS Conf. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2006)
D’Mello, S.K., Picard, R., Graesser, A.C.: Toward an affect-sensitive AutoTutor. IEEE Intelligent Systems 22, 53–61 (2007)
Kim, Y., Baylor, A.L.: A Social-Cognitive Framework for Pedagogical Agents as Learning Companions. J. Edu. Tech. Research and Dev. 54(6), 569–596 (2006)
Reeves, B., Nass, C.: The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media like Real People and Place. Cambridge University, Cambridge (1996)
Wang, N., Gratch, J.: Can a Virtual Human Build Rapport and Promote Learning? In: Proc 14th International Conference on AIED, Brighton (2009)
Okita, S.Y., Bailenson, J., Schwartz, D.L.: Mere Belief of Social Action Improves Complex Learning. In: Barab, S., Hay, K., Hickey, D. (eds.) ICLS 2008. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey (2008)
Kumar, R., Ai, H., Beuth, J., Rosé, C.: Socially Capable Conversational Tutors Can Be Effective in Collaborative Learning Situations. In: Aleven, V., Kay, J., Mostow, J. (eds.) ITS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6094, pp. 156–164. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: Relational agents: a model and implementation of building user trust. In: Proc. of CHI, pp. 396–403. ACM, New York (2001)
Wang, N., Johnson, W.L.: The Politeness Effect in an Intelligent Foreign Language Tutoring System. In: Woolf, B.P., Aïmeur, E., Nkambou, R., Lajoie, S. (eds.) ITS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5091, pp. 270–280. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Ogan, A., Aleven, V., Kim, J., Jones, C.: Developing interpersonal relationships with virtual agents through social instructional dialog. In: Proc. of IVA. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Hill, R.W., Belanich, J., Lane, H.C., Core, M.G., Dixon, M., Forbell, E., Kim, J., Hart, J.: Pedagogically Structured Game-based Training: Development of the ELECT BiLAT Simulation. In: Proc. 25th Army Science Conf. (2006)
Gelfand, M., Brett, J. (eds.): The Handbook of Negotiation and Culture, Stanford (1983)
Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T.: Cooperative learning and achievement. In: Sharan, S. (ed.) Cooperative learning: Theory and Research, pp. 23–37. Praeger, NY (1990)
Lou, Y., Abrami, P.C., d’Apollonia, S.: Small group and individual learning with technology: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research 71(3), 449–521 (2001)
Neale, M.A., Bazerman, M.H.: The role of perspective-taking ability in negotiating under different forms of arbitration. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 36, 378–388 (1983)
Mayer, R.C., Davis, J.H., Schoorman, F.D.: An integration model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review 20, 709–734 (1995)
Lester, J.C., Converse, S.A., Kahler, S.E., Barlow, S.T., Stone, B.A., Bhogal, R.S.: The Persona Effect: Affective Impact of Animated Pedagogical Agents. In: Proc. CHI 1997, pp. 359–366 (1997)
Bochner, A.P., Ellis, C., Tillmann-Healy, L.M.: Relationships as stories: Accounts, storied lives, evocative narratives. In: Dindia, K., Duck, S. (eds.) Communication and Personal Relationships, pp. 12–29. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester (2000)
Cozby, P.C.: Self-disclosure: A literature review. Psychological Bulletin (1973)
Wheeless, L., Grotz, J.: The Measurement of Trust and Its Relationship to Self- Disclosure. Human Communication Research 3, 250–257 (1977)
Leach, C.W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M.L.W., Pennekamp, S.F., Doosje, B.: Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. J. of Personality and Social Psych. 95, 144–165 (2008)
Spirtes, P., Glymour, G., Scheines, R.: Causation, Prediction, and Search, 2nd edn. MIT Press, Cambridge (2000)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ogan, A., Aleven, V., Jones, C., Kim, J. (2011). Persistent Effects of Social Instructional Dialog in a Virtual Learning Environment. In: Biswas, G., Bull, S., Kay, J., Mitrovic, A. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 6738. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21869-9_32
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21869-9_32
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-21868-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-21869-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)