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Toll-like Receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology pp 155–168Cite as

Toll-Like Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 336))

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal pathology. The exact causes of MS are unknown, but environmental factors including pathogens are believed to contribute to the development of disease. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of receptors important in pathogen recognition and host defense. TLRs are expressed by a variety of peripheral immune cells as well as resident cells of the CNS. Studies indicate that TLRs play a significant role in modulating MS, as well as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. This review will discuss the current understanding of the role of TLRs in modulating EAE and MS.

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Abbreviations

APC:

Antigen-presenting cell

CFA:

Complete Freund’s adjuvant

CNS:

Central nervous system

EAE:

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

I-κB:

Inhibitor κB

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

IRAK:

Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

MyD88:

Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor κB

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PGN:

Peptidoglycan

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

Th:

T helper

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TRAM:

TRIF-related adaptor molecule

TRIF:

TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon β

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, 1654 Upham Drive, 445 Means Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    Michael K. Racke

  2. Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA

    Paul D. Drew

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Correspondence to Paul D. Drew .

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  1. Dept. Pathology & Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, S. 42nd St. 600 , Omaha, 68198-3135, U.S.A.

    Tammy Kielian

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Racke, M.K., Drew, P.D. (2009). Toll-Like Receptors in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Kielian, T. (eds) Toll-like Receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 336. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00549-7_9

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