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Control of Muscle Size During Embryonic, Fetal, and Adult Life

  • Chapter
Vertebrate Myogenesis

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 38))

Abstract

Size differences of muscles can be found comparing homologous muscles in various species. The biceps brachii muscle of the mouse, for instance, is much smaller than the biceps brachii muscle of a pig or even an elephant. These size differences are mainly caused by differences in the number of muscle cells, meaning that the proliferation rates of the somite-derived muscle cells must be different in these species. In addition to these species-specific differences, muscle sizes vary from one body region to another in a given animal. The musculature in the lower leg is much smaller than it is in the thigh and the back musculature in the thoracic region is much smaller than it is in the lumbar or cervical region. Although the mass of homologous muscles of two differing species may vary by over a 1,000-fold, it is surprising that the sources of the musculature, the somites, do not exhibit such dramatic differences in size. Therefore, muscle mass is determined not by the number of cells in the newly formed somites, but by mechanisms that regulate their proliferation, expansion and differentiation. In this review we have looked at mechanisms that regulate the expansion of the somitic compartment and its derivatives that form the skeletal muscle of the vertebrate body at differing stages in the life of higher vertebrates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 OTU, UK

    Ketan Patel

  2. Anatomisches Institut II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstrasse 17, Freiburg, Germany

    Bodo Christ

  3. Stanford University, School of Medicine, CCSR 1145, Stanford, California, 94305-5151, USA

    Frank E. Stockdale

Authors
  1. Ketan Patel
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  2. Bodo Christ
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  3. Frank E. Stockdale
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Anatomy II, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Albertstraße 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Beate Brand-Saberi

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© 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Patel, K., Christ, B., Stockdale, F.E. (2002). Control of Muscle Size During Embryonic, Fetal, and Adult Life. In: Brand-Saberi, B. (eds) Vertebrate Myogenesis. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 38. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45686-5_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45686-5_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07735-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-45686-5

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