Abstract
We relocate 27 small earthquakes and invert the state of stress in the East of the Central Marmara basin through re-identification of P and S phases using a joint data set. Also, we derive relative locations of 425 clustered earthquakes with ML ≥ 1.5 in the Marmara Region using the Hypodd software. The main objective is to achieve the definition of geometrical orientations and seismic behaviours of the fault segments. Locating between the 1912 Mürefte and 1999 Izmit earthquakes and being a seismic gap, seismic and geodetic analyzes in the Central Marmara Sea are significant. We use well-defined P and S phases for locations, and completely observable P-wave first motion polarities (FMPs) for simultaneously determined individual fault plane solutions (FPSs) and stress orientations. We get data from 105 seismic stations, including 5 continuous OBSs; hence, each FPS has at least 10 FMPs and maximum 1 inconsistent station. We observe normal and oblique focal mechanism solutions, and a NE-SW trended extensional state of stress in the Eastern Central Marmara by this comprehensive research, although the main Marmara Fault, the western branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), is dominated by a right lateral strike-slip regime. Due to the use of a dense network, we observe neither horizontal nor vertical large shifts in the locations of earthquakes: a total of 398 out of 425 are from Korkusuz Öztürk et al. (Tectonophysics 665:37–57, 2015), after the relative relocation process. As a result, we could not observe fault dip angles clearly, but define seismic zones for each segment which has not been done before for many segments in the Sea of Marmara, and interpret current stress loads. Consequently, our sensitive relocations and stress tensor inversion analyses will make an important contribution to a better understanding of the fault movements in the Sea of Marmara, and shed light on especially earthquake rupture and tsunami analyses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aksoy ME, Meghraoui M, Vallée M, Çakır Z (2010) Rupture characteristics of the AD 1912 Mürefte (Ganos) Earthquake segment of the North Anatolian Fault (Western Turkey). Geol Soc Am 38:37–57
Aksoy ME, Meghraoui M, Çakır Z, Battlo J (2012) The 9 August 1912 Mürefte Earthquake, PANAF, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Aksu AE, Calon TJ, Hiscott RN (2000) Anatomy of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea, Western Turkey: extensional basins above a continental transform. GSA Today, June 2000
Ambraseys NN, Finkel CF (1987) The Saros-Marmara Earthquake of 9 August 1912. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 15:189–211
Ambraseys N (2002) The seismic activity of the Marmara Sea region over the last 2000 years. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:1–18
Armijo R, Meyer B, Navarro S, King G, Barka A (2002) Asymmetric slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara Pull-Apart: a clue to propagation processes of the North Anatolian Fault? Terra Nova 14:80–86
Armijo R, Pondard N, Meyer B, Uçarkus G, de Lepinay BM, Malavieille J, Dominguez S, Gustcher M, Schmidt S, Beck C, Çagatay N, Çakir Z, Imren C, Eris K, Natalin B, Özalaybey S, Tolun L, Lefevre I, Seeber L, Gasperini L, Rangin C, Emre O, Sarikavak K (2005) Submarine fault scarps in the sea of Marmara Pull-A part (North Anatolian Fault): implications for seismic hazard in Istanbul. AGU Geochem Soc 1525–2027
Barka A (1996) Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with the large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86:1238–1254
Barka A, Akyüz A, Altunel HS, Sunal G, Çakır Z, Dikbaş A, Yeli B, Armijo R, Meyer B, de Chabalier JB, Rockwel T, Dolan JR, Hartleb R, Dawson T, Christoferson S, Tucker A, Fumal T, Langridge R, Stenner H, Lettis W, Bachhuber J, Page W (2002) The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August, 1999 Izmit Earthquake, M = 7.4, North Anatolian fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:43–60
Başarır Baştürk N, Özel NM, Caciagli M (2016) Seismic parameters re-determined from historical seismograms of 1935—Erdek—Marmara Island and 1963—Çınarcık Earthquakes. Earth Planets Space 68:158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-016-0528-8
Bayrakci G, Laigle M, Becel A, Hirn A, Taymaz T, Yolsal-Çevikbilen S (2013) SEISMARMARA team, 3-D sediment-basement tomography of the Northern Marmara trough by a dense OBS network at the nodes of a grid of controlled source profiles along the North Anatolian Fault. Geophys J Int 194:1335–1357. https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt211
Beyhan G, Selim HH (2007) Tectonics of the North Anatolian Fault located in the sea of Marmara according to seismic reflection data. In: International earthquake symposium, Kocaeli
Boaz R (2009) PQL II. http://www.passcal.nmt.edu/content/pql-ii-program-viewing-data
Bohnhoff M, Grosser H, Dresen G (2006) Strain partitioning and stress rotation at the North Anatolian Fault Zone from aftershock focal mechanisms of the 1999 Izmit Mw = 7.4 earthquake. Geophys J Int 160:373–385
Bohnhoff M, Dresen G, Bulut F, Nurlu M, Akin D, Kılıç T, Ito H, Malin P (2012) GONAF—a deep Geophysical Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault, Kashiwazaki, 8 Nov 2012
Bohnhoff M, Bulut F, Dresen G, Malin PE, Eken T, Aktar M (2013) An earthquake gap south of Istanbul. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2999
Bouchon M, Toksöz MN, Karabulut H, Bouin MP, Dietrich M, Aktar M, Edie M (2002) Space and time evolution of rupture and faulting during the 1999 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:256–266. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000845
Bulut F, Aktar M (2007) Accurate relocation of İzmit Earthquake (Mw = 7.4, 1999) aftershocks in Çınarcık Basin using double difference method. GRL 34:L10307–L10307. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gl029611
Bulut F, Bohnhoff M, Ellsworth WL, Aktar M, Dresen G (2009) Microseismicity at the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara Offshore Istanbul, NW Turkey. J Geophys Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jb006244
Cemen I, Gokten E, Varol B, Kilic R, Ozaksoy V, Erkmen C, Pinar A (2000) Turkish earthquakes reveal dynamics of fracturing along a major strike-slip fault zone, EOS. Trans Am Geophys Union 81:309–320
Dewey JF, Şengör AMC (1979) Aegan and surrounding regions: complex multiplate and continuum mechanics in a convergence zone. Bull Geol Soc Am 84:3137–3180
Erdik M, Demircioğlu MB, Şeşetyan K, Durukal E, Siyahi B (2004) Earthquake hazard in Marmara Region, Turkey. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 24:605–631
Erdik M (2013) Earthquake risk in Turkey. Science 341:724. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1238945
Ergintav S, Doğan U, Gerstenecker C, Çakmak R, Belgen A, Demirel H, Aydın C, Reilinger R (2007) A snapshot (2003–2005) of the 3D postseismic deformation for the 1999, Mw = 7.4 Izmit Earthquake in the Marmara Region, Turkey, by first results of joint gravity and GPS monitoring. J Geodyn 44:1–18
Ergintav S, Reilinger RE, Çakmak R, Floyd M, Çakır Z, Doğan U, King RW, McClusky S, Özener H (2014) Istanbul’s earthquake hot spots: geodetic constraints on strain accumulation along faults in the Marmara seismic gap. Geophys Res Lett. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060985
Flerit F, Armijo R, King GCP, Meyer B, Barka A (2003) Slip partitioning in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart determined from GPS velocity vectors. Geophys J Int 1–7 (2003)
Frechet J (1985) Sismogenese et doublets sismiques, These d’Etat, Universite Scientifique et Medicale de Grenoble, 206 pp
Geiger L (1910) Herdbestimming bei Erdbeben aus den Ankunftszeiten, K. Ges. Wiss. Gött. 4:331–349
Geli L, Henry P, Zitter T, Dupré S, Tryon M, Çağatay MN, Mercier de Lépinay B, Le Pichon X, Şengör AMC, Görür N, Natalin B, Uçarkuş G, Özeren S, Volker D, Gasperinin L, Burnard P, Bourlange S (2008) Gas emissions and active tectonics within the submerged section of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Sea of Marmara. The Marmara Scientific Party
Gephart JW, Forsyth DW (1984) An improved method for determining the regional stress tensor using earthquake focal mechanism data: application to the San Fernando earthquake sequence. J Geophys Res 9305–9320
Gürbüz C, Aktar M, Eyidoğan H, Cisternas A, Haessler H, Barka A, Ergin M, Türkelli N, Polat O, Üçer SB, Kuleli S, Baris S, Kaypak B, Bekler T, Zor E, Bicmen F, Yoruk A (2000) The seismotectonics of the Marmara Region (Turkey): results from a microseismic experiment. Tectonophysics 1–17
Horiuchi S, Rocco G, Hasegawa A (1995) Discrimination of fault planes from auxiliary planes based on simultaneous determination of stress tensor and a large number of fault plane solutions. J Geophys Res 8327–8338
Hubert-Ferrari A, Barka A, Jacques E, Nalbant S, Meyer B, Armijo R, Tapponnier P, King GP (2000) Seismic hazard in the Marmara Sea region following the 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake. Nature 404:269–273
Ito A, Ucer SB, Baris S, Honkura Y, Nakamura A, Kono T, Pektas R, Komut T, Hasegawa A, Isikara AM (2002) Aftershock activity of 1999 Izmit Earthquake, Turkey, revealed from microearthquake observations. Bull Seismol Soc Am 418–427
Karabulut H, Bouin M, Bouchon M, Dietrich M, Cornou C, Aktar M (2002) The seismicity in the eastern Marmara Sea after the 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 387–393
Karabulut H, Özalaybey S, Taymaz T, Aktar M, Selvi O, Kocaoğlu A (2003) A tomographic image of the shallow crustal structure in the eastern Marmara. Geophys Res Lett. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018074
Karabulut H, Schmittbuhl J, Özalaybey S, Lengline O, Kömeç-Mutlu A, Durand V, Bouchon M, Daniel G, Bouin MP (2011) Evolution of the seismicity in the eastern Marmara Sea a decade before and after the 17 August 1999 Izmit Earthquake. Tectonophysics 17–27
Ketin I (1948) Über die tektonisch-mechanischen Folgerungen aus den großen Anatolischen Erdbeben des letzten Dezenniums. Geol Rundschau 36:77–83
King GCP, Hubert-Ferrari A, Nalbant S, Meyer B, Armijo R, Bowman D (2001) Coulomb interactions and the 17 August Izmit, Turkey earthquake. Earth Planet Sci 557–569
Kinscher J, Krüger F, Woith H, Lühr BG, Hintersberger E, Irmak TS, Baris S (2013) Seismotectonics of the Armutlu peninsula (Marmara Sea, NW Turkey) from geological field observation and regional moment tensor inversion. Tectonophysics 608:980–995
Kiratzi AA (2002) Stress tensor inversions along the Westernmost North Anatolian Fault Zone and its continuation into the North Aegean Sea. Geophys J Int 360–376
Klein E, Duputel Z, Masson F, Yavasoglu H, Agram P (2017) Aseismic slip and seismogenic coupling in the Marmara Sea: what can we learn from onland Geodesy? Geophys Res Lett 44:3100–3108. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072777
Korkusuz Y (2012) The present day stress states in the Marmara Region. MSc thesis, Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Department of Geophysics. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tarama.jsp
Korkusuz Öztürk Y, Özel NM, Özbakır AD (2015) States of local stresses in the Sea of Marmara through the analysis of large numbers of small earthquakes. Tectonophysics 665:37–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.09.027
Laigle M, Becel A, Voogd B, Hirn A, Taymaz T, Özalaybey S (2008) A first deep seismic survey in the Sea of Marmara: deep basins and whole crust architecture and evolution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 270:168–179
Le Pichon X, Şengör AMC, Demirbağ E, Rangın C, İmren C, Armıjo R, Görür N, Çağatay N, Mercıer De Lepınay B, Meyer B, Saatçiler R, Tok B (2001) The active main Marmara Fault. Earth Planet Sci Lett 192:595–616
Lienert BRE (1991) Report on modifications made to hypocenter. Technical Report, Institute of Solid Earth Physics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Lienert BRE, Berg E, Frazer LN (1986) Hypocenter: an earthquake location method using centered, scaled, and adaptively least squares. Bull Seismol Soc Am 76:771–783
Lienert BR, Havskov J (1995) A computer program for locating earthquakes both locally and globally. Seismol Res Lett 66(5)
Lisle R, Orife T, Arlegui L (2001) A stress inversion method requiring only fault slip sense. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 106:2281–2289
Meade BJ, Hager BH, McClusky SC, Reilinger RE, Ergintav S, Lenk O, Barka A, Ozener H (2002) Estimates of seismic potential in the Marmara region from block models of secular deformation constrained by GPS measurements. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:208–215
Michael AJ (1984) Determination of stress from slip data: faults and folds. J Geophys Res 11517–11526
McClusky S, Reilinger R, Mahmoud S, Ben Sari D, Tealeb A (2003) GPS constraints on Africa (Nubia) and Arabia plate motions. Geophys J Int 126–138
McKenzie D (1972) Active tectonics of the Mediterranean region. Geophys J Roy Astron Soc 30:109–185
McKenzie D (1978) Active tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan belt: the Aegan Sea and surrounding regions. Geophys J Roy Astron Soc 55:217–254
Oglesby DD, Mai PM (2012) Fault geometry rupture dynamics and ground motion from potential earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault under the Sea of Marmara. Geophys J Int 188:1071–1087. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05289.x
Okay AI, Kaşlılar-Özcan A, İmren C, Boztepe-Güney A, Demirbağ E, Kuşçu İ (2000) Active faults and evolving strike-slip basins in the Marmara Sea, Northwest Turkey: a multichannel seismic reflection study. Tectonophysics 189–218
Okay AI, Tüysüz O, Kaya Ş (2004) From Transpression to Transtension: changes in morphology and structure around a bend on the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Region. Tectonophysics 259–282
Otsubo M, Yamaji A, Kubo A (2008) Determination of stresses from heterogeneous focal mechanism data: an adaptation of the multiple inverse method. Tectonophysics 150–160
Örgülü G (2011) Seismicity and source parameters for small-scale earthquakes along the splays of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) in the Marmara Sea. Geophys J Int 385–404
Örgülü G, Aktar M (2001) Regional moment tensor inversion for strong aftershocks of the August 17, 1999 Izmit Earthquake (Mw = 7.4). Geophys Res Lett 28(2):371–374
Özalaybey S, Ergin M, Aktar M, Tapırdamaz C, Biçmen F, Yörük A (2002) The 1999 Izmit Earthquake sequence in Turkey: seismological and tectonic aspects. Bull Seismol Soc Am 376–386
Parsons T (2004) Recalculated probability of M ≥ 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. J Geophys Res 109. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jb00266
Pınar A, Honkura Y, Kuge K (2001) Seismic activity triggered by the 1999 Izmit Earthquake and its implications for the assessment of future seismic risk. Geophys J Int 146:F1–F7
Pınar A, Kuge K, Honkura Y (2003) Moment tensor inversion of recent small to moderate sized earthquakes: implications for seismic hazard and active tectonics beneath the Sea of Marmara. Geophys J Int 133–145
Pinar A, Ucer SB, Honkura Y, Sezgin N, Ito A, Baris S, Kalafat D, Matsushima M, Horiuchi S (2009) Spatial variation of stress field along the fault rupture zone of the 1999 Izmit Earthquake. Earth Planets Space 1–14
Polat O, Haessler H, Cisternas A, Philip H, Eyidoğan H, Aktar M, Frogneux M, Comte D, Gürbüz C (2002) The Izmit (Kocaeli), Turkey Earthquake of 17 August 1999: previous seismicity, aftershocks, and seismotectonics. Bull Seismol Soc Am 361–375
Pondard N, Armijo R, King GCP, Meyer B, Flerit F (2007) Fault interactions in the Sea of Marmara pull-apart (North Anatolian Fault): earthquake clustering and propagating earthquake sequences. Geophys J Int 171(3):1185–1197
Rangin C, Demirbag E, Imren C, Crusson A, Normand A, Le Drezen E, Le Bot A (2001) Marine atlas of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), Ifremer, Brest, France
Reasenberg PA, Oppenheimer D (1985) FPFIT, FPPLOT, and FPPAGE: Fortran computer programs for calculating and displaying earthquake fault plane solutions. Depth of Interior, US Geological Survey, Open-file report, 109, 85–739
Reilinger R, McClusky S, Vernant P, et al (2006) GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamic of plate interactions. J Geophys Res. http://doi.org/10.1029/2005JB004051
Reuter HI, Nelson A, Jarvis A (2007) An evaluation of void filling interpolation methods for SRTM data. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 21(9):983–1008
Rivera L, Cisternas A (1990) Stress tensor and fault plane solutions for a population of earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 80(3):600–614
Sato T, Kasahara J, Taymaz T, Ito M, Kamimura A, Hayakawa T, Tan O (2004) A study of microearthquake seismicity and focal mechanisms within the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey) using ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). Tectonophysics 303–314
Sato K (2006) Incorporation of incomplete fault-slip data into stress tensor inversion. Tectonophysics 319–330
Schmittbuhl J, Karabulut H, Lengline O, Bouchon M (2015) Seismicity distribution and locking depth along the main Marmara Fault, Turkey. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 17:954–965. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC006120
Shan YH, Lin G, Li Z (2004) An inverse method to determine the optimal stress from imperfect fault data. Tectonophysics 387:205–215
Şaroğlu F, Emre Ö, Kuşçu İ (1992) Active fault map of Turkey, General Directorate of the Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara, Turkey, 2 sheets, 1.2 000 000 scale
Şengör AMC, Tüysüz O, İmren C, Sakınç M, Eyidoğan H, Görür N, Le Pichon X, Rangin C (2005) The North Anatolian Fault: a new look. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 33:37–112
Taymaz T, Jackson J, McKenzie D (1991) Active tectonics of the north and central Aegean Sea. Geophys J Int 433–490
Tunç B, Çaka D, Irmak TS, Woith H, Tunç S, Bariş Ş, Özer MF, Lühr BG, Günther E, Grosser H, Zschau J (2011) The Armutlu network: an investigation into the seismotectonic setting of Armutlu-Yalova-Gemlik and the surrounding regions. Ann Geophys. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4877
Uçarkuş G, Çakır Z, Armijo R (2010) Western termination of the Mw 7.4, 1999 Izmit Earthquake rupture: implications for the expected large earthquake in the Sea of Marmara. Turk J Earth Sci 20:383–398. https://doi.org/10.3906/yer-0911-7
Waldhauser F (2001) Hypodd—a program to compute double-difference hypocenter locations
Waldhauser F, Ellsworth WL (2000) A double-difference earthquake location algorithm: method and application to the northern Hayward fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am 90:1353–1368
Wright T, Fielding E, Parsons B (2001) Triggered slip: observations of the 17 August 1999 Izmit (Turkey) Earthquake using radar interferometry. Geophys Res Lett 28:1079–1082. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011776
Yaltırak C, Erturaç MK, Tüysüz O, Saki-Yaltırak K (2003) Marmara Denizi’nde Tarihsel Depremler: Yerleri, Büyüklükleri, Etki Alanları ve Güncel Kırılma Olasılıkları, Kuvaterner Çalıştayı, 174–180
Yamamoto R, Kido M, Ohta Y, Takahashi N, Yamamoto Y, Kalafat D, Pinar A, Ozeren S, Kaneda Y (2016) Creep rate measurement and fault modelling at the North Anatolian Fault, beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, by means of acoustic ranging, paper presented at Japan Geoscience Union meeting 2016, Chiba, Japan, S-CG59-07
Yamamoto Y, Takahashi N, Pinar A, Kalafat D, Citak S, Comoglu M, Polat R, Kaneda Y (2017) Geometry and segmentation of the North Anatolian Fault beneath the Marmara Sea, Turkey, deduced from long-term ocean bottom seismographic observations. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 122:2069–2084. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013608
Zachariasen J, Sieh K (1995) The transfer of slip between, En Echelon Strike-Slip Faults: a case study from the 1992 Landers Earthquake, Southern California. J Geophys Res 100–15:281–301
Acknowledgements
We thank the National Earthquake Monitoring Center of Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (NEMC-KOERI), and Marmara Research Center of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-MRC) for the data supply through the TURDEP Project. We acknowledge to Semih Ergintav for giving constructive comments, and Onur Tan for his beneficial remarks. Also, we thank Mehmet Yılmazer, Korhan Umut Şemin and Metin Kahraman for software support, Zafer Öğütçü and Zümer Pabuçcu for the supply of earthquake catalogues, and Burak Korkusuz for his contribution to the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendices
Appendix 1: List of Earthquakes
Erlt, Erln, Erdp values indicate latitude, longitude, and depth errors, respectively. The given Strike/Dip/Rake values are obtained by the stress tensor inversion approach of the Horiuchi et al. (1995).
Date | Time | Latitude | Longitude | Depth | Mag | Erlt | Erln | Erdp | GAP | Strike | Dip | Rake |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15.1.2010 | 23:4 | 40.821999 | 28.152000 | 12.000 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.9 | 84 | 144.43 | 75.09 | −91.44 |
9.5.2010 | 23:33 | 40.823002 | 28.108000 | 12.300 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 57 | 145.60 | 90.00 | −90.00 |
3.10.2010 | 17:49 | 40.817001 | 28.141001 | 13.600 | 4.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 29 | 85.00 | 90.00 | −133.05 |
4.10.2010 | 16:3 | 40.851002 | 28.167000 | 16.800 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 5.8 | 119 | 233.99 | 50.00 | −107.36 |
7.10.2010 | 5:3 | 40.830002 | 28.143000 | 11.900 | 3.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 37 | 321.46 | 70.01 | −70.44 |
7.10.2010 | 6:20 | 40.840000 | 28.158001 | 10.000 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 3.3 | 73 | 327.85 | 69.97 | −68.20 |
7.10.2010 | 23:37 | 40.833000 | 28.167000 | 7.100 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 5.2 | 121 | 246.00 | 75.02 | −117.03 |
8.10.2010 | 3:38 | 40.826000 | 28.146000 | 12.000 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 102 | 119.43 | 55.05 | −87.86 |
8.10.2010 | 3:41 | 40.833000 | 28.145000 | 9.300 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 74 | 248.80 | 85.01 | −148.25 |
27.10.2010 | 15:51 | 40.808998 | 28.134001 | 9.100 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 44 | 79.43 | 85.00 | −113.14 |
6.4.2011 | 0:19 | 40.817001 | 28.129999 | 9.100 | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 4.2 | 61 | 246.31 | 76.22 | −95.93 |
21.4.2011 | 17:49 | 40.837002 | 28.165001 | 12.200 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 28 | 113.66 | 60.32 | −85.68 |
1.5.2011 | 8:36 | 40.828999 | 28.143000 | 10.900 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 30 | 289.33 | 69.99 | −91.75 |
19.5.2011 | 4:38 | 40.832001 | 28.139000 | 12.300 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 30 | 45.01 | 50.02 | −88.15 |
22.5.2011 | 22:39 | 40.834000 | 28.150999 | 12.100 | 2.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 52 | 290.75 | 64.99 | −91.52 |
9.6.2011 | 20:43 | 40.832001 | 28.138000 | 11.600 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 60 | 173.05 | 65.00 | −85.67 |
10.6.2011 | 4:28 | 40.834000 | 28.132999 | 10.900 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 45 | 257.16 | 70.01 | −110.08 |
14.6.2011 | 5:37 | 40.827999 | 28.141001 | 11.200 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 106 | 144.43 | 75.09 | −91.44 |
25.8.2011 | 7:12 | 40.818001 | 28.117001 | 12.700 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 61 | 145.60 | 90.00 | −90.00 |
25.8.2011 | 13:25 | 40.820000 | 28.131001 | 13.300 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 79 | 306.01 | 74.99 | −72.11 |
20.9.2011 | 6:24 | 40.816002 | 28.155001 | 9.700 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 46 | 145.60 | 90.00 | −90.00 |
20.9.2011 | 6:27 | 40.820999 | 28.146000 | 10.600 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 29 | 90.00 | 90.00 | −121.67 |
25.3.2012 | 22:53 | 40.813999 | 28.132000 | 11.400 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 76 | 165.46 | 75.47 | −93.71 |
10.5.2012 | 8:34 | 40.832001 | 28.145000 | 10.200 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 89 | 124.59 | 65.00 | −81.06 |
29.9.2012 | 17:28 | 40.835999 | 28.163000 | 14.000 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 95 | 230.62 | 80.00 | −122.18 |
16.9.2013 | 18:13 | 40.831001 | 28.150999 | 7.200 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 55 | 145.60 | 90.00 | −90.00 |
7.3.2014 | 20:51 | 40.801998 | 28.125999 | 6.400 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 81 | 258.79 | 79.99 | −124.08 |
Appendix 2: List of Stations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Korkusuz Öztürk, Y., Meral Özel, N. (2018). Relative Locations of Clustered Earthquakes in the Sea of Marmara and States of Local Stresses in the East of the Central Marmara Basin. In: D'Amico, S. (eds) Moment Tensor Solutions. Springer Natural Hazards. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77359-9_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-77358-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-77359-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)