Abstract
This study presents that the computer game is being philosophized as an object of thoughts that generates a number of philosophical discourses. In order to define the concept of philosophizing computer game, my paper examines Racing Car Game with BCI (Brain-Computer Interaction) and reconsiders the rule of the game in the conflict between the game and the narrative. It proposes that the philosophizing computer game with BCI contributes to the decolonizing knowledge enabling new forms of collaborations between sciences, engineering, arts, and design.
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- 1.
Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, Dialectic of Enlightenment (California, Standford: Standford University Press, 2002), p. 36.
- 2.
In this paper, the problem of knowledge reframed by Human-Computer Interaction was originated from my paper. See, Cho, H.K., Yoon, J.S.: Toward a New Design Philosophy of HCI: Knowledge of Collaborative Action of “We” Human-and-Technology, In: Human-Computer Interaction. Human-Centred Design Approaches, Methods, Tools, and Environments. LNCS 8004, pp. 32–40. Springer, Heidelberg (2013).
- 3.
The concept of “We” human-and-technology was first presented in Cho, H.K.: Aesthetics of “We” human-and-technology. In: ArtsIT 2013. LNICST, vol. 116, pp. 97–104. Springer, Heidelberg (2013).
- 4.
Game Design with BCI, Brain-Computer Collaborative Action: Racing Car Game designed by Bio-Computing Laboratory at GIST, Korea.
- 5.
As a research project, Racing Car Game is concerning on the aesthetic of art with BCI. See, Cho, H.K., Paik, J.K.: Well-Being of Decolonizing Aesthetics: New Environment of Art with BCI in HCI. In: Human Interface and the Management of Information: Applications and Service, LNCS, vol. 9735, pp. 244–255. Springer, Heidelberg (2016).
- 6.
The design of HCI with BCI is a part of my research project, “Decolonizing Knowledge: the aesthetic reconstruction of technological experiments.” This multi-disciplinary project is to contribute on the networked knowledge between art, design, engineering, and humanity.
- 7.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (New York: Routledge, 2005), p. 4.
- 8.
BCI2000 has been used to replicate or extend current BCI methods in humans and has recently been used in a number of groundbreaking BCI studies. BCI2000 has been in development since 2000 in a collaborative effort led by the Wadsworth Center. BCI2000 is available free of charge for research purposes to academic and educational institutions.
- 9.
Arthur Danto, “Moving Pictures,” Philosophizing Art (California: California University Press, 2001), p. 216.
- 10.
Mieke Bal, Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1985), p. 8.
- 11.
Thomas S. Kuhn, “Objectivity, Value Judgment, and Theory Choice.” In: Arguing about Science. Routledge, New York (2013), p. 74.
- 12.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe (Oxford: Blackwell, 1953, 2005), pp. 145–155.
- 13.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, “Following a Rule,” In: The Wittgenstein Reader, ed. Anthony Kenny (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 99–100.
- 14.
Michel Foucault, The Order of Things (New York: Routledge, 2002), p. 55.
References
Cho, H., Yoon, J.: Toward a new design philosophy of HCI: knowledge of collaborative action of “We” human-and-technology. In: Kurosu, M. (ed.) HCI 2013. LNCS, vol. 8004, pp. 32–40. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39232-0_4
Horkheimer, M., Adorno, W.T.: Dialectic of Enlightenment. Standford University, California (2002)
Cho, H.K., Yoon, J.S.: The performative art: the politics of doubleness. In: LEONARDO, vol. 42:3, pp. 282–283. MIT Press, New York (2009)
Cho, H., Park, C.-S.: Aesthetics of ‘We’ human-and-technology. In: Michelis, G., Tisato, F., Bene, A., Bernini, D. (eds.) ArtsIT 2013. LNICSSITE, vol. 116, pp. 97–104. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37982-6_13
Cho, H., Paik, J.-k.: Well-being of decolonizing aesthetics: new environment of art with BCI in HCI. In: Yamamoto, S. (ed.) HIMI 2016. LNCS, vol. 9735, pp. 244–255. Springer, Heidelberg (2016). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40397-7_24
Wittgenstein, L.: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Routledge, New York (2005)
Danto, A.: Moving pictures. In: Philosophizing Art. California University Press, California (2001)
Bal, M.: Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. Toronto University Press, Toronto (1985)
Kuhn, S.T.: Objectivity, value judgment, and theory choice. In: Arguing about Science. Routledge, New York (2013)
Wittgenstein, L.: Philosophical Investigations, Blackwell, Oxford (2005). trans. Anscombe, G.E.M.
Wittgenstein, L.: Following a rule. In: Kenny, A. (ed.) The Wittgenstein Reader. Blackwell, Oxford (2006)
Foucault, M.: The Order of Things. Routledge, New York (2002)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (NRF-2014S1A5B8044097).
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Cho, H., Yoon, J. (2017). Toward a Decolonizing Approach to Game Studies: Philosophizing Computer Game with BCI. In: Brooks, A., Brooks, E. (eds) Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. ArtsIT DLI 2016 2016. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 196. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55834-9_12
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