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Atmospheric Retrieval of Exoplanets

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Handbook of Exoplanets

Abstract

Exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval refers to the inference of atmospheric properties of an exoplanet given an observed spectrum. The atmospheric properties include the chemical compositions, temperature profiles, clouds/hazes, and energy circulation. These properties, in turn, can provide key insights into the atmospheric physicochemical processes of exoplanets as well as their formation mechanisms. Major advancements in atmospheric retrieval have been made in the last decade, thanks to a combination of state-of-the-art spectroscopic observations and advanced atmospheric modeling and statistical inference methods. These developments have already resulted in key constraints on the atmospheric H2O abundances, temperature profiles, and other properties for several exoplanets. Upcoming facilities such as the JWST will further advance this area. The present chapter is a pedagogical review of this exciting frontier of exoplanetary science. The principles of atmospheric retrievals of exoplanets are discussed in detail, including parametric models and statistical inference methods, along with a review of key results in the field. Some of the main challenges in retrievals with current observations are discussed along with new directions and the future landscape.

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Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the tireless efforts by various groups working on exoplanetary atmospheric retrieval which has led to the exponential rise in this area in the last 8 years. The author thanks A. Pinhas for help with Table 1 and Fig. 3, A. Pinhas and R. MacDonald for help with references, and L. Welbanks for help with Fig. 2.

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  1. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Nikku Madhusudhan

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  1. Nikku Madhusudhan
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Correspondence to Nikku Madhusudhan .

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  1. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Hans J. Deeg

  2. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

    Juan Antonio Belmonte

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Madhusudhan, N. (2018). Atmospheric Retrieval of Exoplanets. In: Deeg, H., Belmonte, J. (eds) Handbook of Exoplanets . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55333-7_104

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