Abstract
Urban spatial structure is considered to be one of the determining factors of the transport demand volume and structure. Russian cities are traditionally characterized by high levels of public transport ridership, compared to the Western cities. Thus, it can be assumed that the spatial structure of Russian cities is a perfect illustration of the Transit Oriented Development (TOD). However, the spatial structure of the majority of the Russian cities, which has been developing during the rapid urbanization in the 20th century, currently preserves and reproduces the specific extensive models peculiar to the cities in the socialist countries. The authors analyze the spatial development patterns of 13 Russian cities in order to assess the current situation and the prospects for transit oriented development in the Russian Federation. A brief history of urban spatial development during the Soviet period is provided. Fundamental differences between TOD and Soviet Style Development (SSD) and their impact on transport demand are discussed.
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Notes
- 1.
Before the construction of the plant the motorization rate was less than 10 cars per 1000 residents.
- 2.
It is worth noting that the opening of “Gorkovskaya” station in the central part of Nizhny Novgorod led to a sharp increase in ridership: from around 30 to 40 million passengers per year. For the reasons discussed below, this short-term growth could not reverse the trend of an overall decrease in ridership: the following year saw the restoration of the downward trend.
- 3.
A microrayon is the main structural element of the Soviet residential areas that can be described as a collection of extremely large housing blocks without any typical block configuration.
- 4.
For Kazan, it is reasonable to use the density at 1–2 km from the city center, as the center of the city is clearly distinguishable, but the area within the radius of 1 km around the center has low density of residential buildings due to a number of reasons.
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Koncheva, E., Zalesskiy, N. (2016). Urban Spatial Structure as a Factor of Travel Behavior. In: Blinkin, M., Koncheva, E. (eds) Transport Systems of Russian Cities. Transportation Research, Economics and Policy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47800-5_2
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