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Control of Oocyte Growth and Development by Intercellular Communication Within the Follicular Niche

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Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation in Gonad Development

Part of the book series: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ((RESULTS,volume 58))

Abstract

In the mammalian ovary, each oocyte grows and develops within its own structural and developmental niche—the follicle. Together with the female germ cell in the follicle are somatic granulosa cells, specialized companion cells that surround the oocyte and provide support to it, and an outer layer of thecal cells that serve crucial roles including steroid synthesis. These follicular compartments function as a single physiological unit whose purpose is to produce a healthy egg, which upon ovulation can be fertilized and give rise to a healthy embryo, thus enabling the female germ cell to fulfill its reproductive potential. Beginning from the initial stage of follicle formation and until terminal differentiation at ovulation, oocyte and follicle growth depend absolutely on cooperation between the different cellular compartments. This cooperation synchronizes the initiation of oocyte growth with follicle activation. During growth, it enables metabolic support for the follicle-enclosed oocyte and allows the follicle to fulfill its steroidogenic potential. Near the end of the growth period, intra-follicular interactions prevent the precocious meiotic resumption of the oocyte and ensure its nuclear differentiation. Finally, cooperation enables the events of ovulation, including meiotic maturation of the oocyte and expansion of the cumulus granulosa cells. In this chapter, we discuss the cellular interactions that enable the growing follicle to produce a healthy oocyte, focusing on the communication between the germ cell and the surrounding granulosa cells.

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Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.Grant Support Supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (H.J.C.). S.E.H. was supported by the CIHR Training Program in Reproduction, Early Development, and the Impact on Health, by the Réseau Québécois en Reproduction, and by the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Stephany El-Hayek & Hugh J. Clarke

  2. Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Stephany El-Hayek & Hugh J. Clarke

  3. Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Block E-M0.2218, Montreal, QC, Canada, H4A 3J1

    Stephany El-Hayek & Hugh J. Clarke

  4. Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Hugh J. Clarke

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  1. Stephany El-Hayek
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  2. Hugh J. Clarke
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Correspondence to Hugh J. Clarke .

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  1. Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

    Rafal P. Piprek

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El-Hayek, S., Clarke, H.J. (2016). Control of Oocyte Growth and Development by Intercellular Communication Within the Follicular Niche. In: Piprek, R. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Differentiation in Gonad Development. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 58. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31973-5_8

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