Skip to main content

Deep Learning for Feature Extraction of Arabic Handwritten Script

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNIP,volume 9257))

Abstract

In recent years, systems based on deep learning have gained great popularity in the pattern recognition filed. This is basically to benefit from the hierarchical representations used to unlabeled data which is becoming the focus of many researchers since it represents the easiest way to deal with a huge amount of data. Most of the architecture in deep learning is constructed by a stack of feature extractors, such as Restricted Boltzmann Machine and Auto-Encoder. In this paper, we highlight how these deep learning techniques can be effectively applied for recognizing Arabic Handwritten Script (AHS) and this by investigating two deep architectures: Deep Belief Networks (DBN) and Convolutional Deep Belief Networks (CDBN) which are applied respectively on low-level dimension and high-level dimension in textual images. The experimental study has proved promising results which are comparable to the state-of-the-art Arabic OCR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mota, R., Scott, D.: Education and Innovation. Chapter in Education for Innovation and Independent Learning, pp. 55–71 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Porwal, U., Shi, Z., Setlur, S.: Machine learning in handwritten arabic text recognition. In: Chapter in Handbook of Statistics, vol. 31, pp. 443–46 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bengio, Y., Lamblin, P., Popovici, D., Larochelle, H., Greedy layer-wise training of deep networks. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 153–160 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ranzato, M., Boureau, Y., LeCun, Y.: Sparse feature learning for deep belief networks. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ranzato, M., Huang, F., Boureau, Y., LeCun, Y.: Unsupervised learning of invariant feature hierarchies with applications to object recognition. In: Proc. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference (CVPR). IEEE Press (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rumelhart, D., Hinton, G., Williams, R.: Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature 323, 533–536 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Larochelle, H., Bengio, Y., Louradour, J., Lamblin, P.: Exploring strategies for training deep neural networks. The Journal of Machine Learning Research 10, 1–40 (2009)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Hinton, G.E., Osindero, S., The, Y.W.: A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets. Neural Computing 18(7), 1527–1554 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Olshausen, B.A., Field, D.J.: Emergence of simple-cell receptive field properties by learning a sparse code for natural images. Nature 381, 607–609 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee, H., Battle, A., Raina, R., Ng, A.Y.: Efficient sparse coding algorithms. In: Proceedings of Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hinton, G., Salakhutdinov, R.: Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks. Science 313(5786), 504–507 (2006)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Vincent, P., Larochelle, H., Lajoie, I., Bengio, Y., Manzagol, P.A.: Stacked Denoising Autoencoders: Learning Useful Representations in a Deep Network with a Local Denoising Criterion. Journal of Machine Learning Research 11, 3371–3408 (2010)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Mohamed, A., Dahl, G., Hinton, G.: Acoustic modeling using deep belief networks. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 20(1), 14–22 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Dahl, G.E., Ranzato, M., Mohamed, A., Hinton, G.E.: Phone recognition with the mean-covariance restricted Boltzmann machine. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 23, 469–477 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Porwal, U., Zhou, Y., Govindaraju, V.: Handwritten arabic text recognition using deep belief networks. In: 21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lee, H., Grosse, R., Ranganath, R., Ng, A.Y.: Unsupervised learning of hierarchical representations with convolutional deep belief networks. Communications of the ACM 54(10), 95–103 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Huang, G.-B., Zhou, H., Ding, X., Zhang, R.: Extreme Learning Machine for Regression and Multiclass Classification. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part B: Cybernetics 42(2), 513–529 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Lee, H., Pham, P.T., Largman, Y., Ng, A.Y.: Unsupervised feature learning for audio classification using convolutional deep belief networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), pp. 1096–1104 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Ren, Y., Wu, Y.: Convolutional deep belief networks for feature extraction of EEG signal. In: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 2850–2853 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lee, H., Grosse, R., Ranganath, R., Ng, A.Y.: Convolutional deep belief networks for scalable unsupervised learning of hierarchical representations. In: ICML (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mohamed, A., Sainath, T.N., Dahl, G., Ramabhadran, B., Hinton, G.E., Picheny, M.A.: Deep belief networks using discriminative features for phone recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 5060–5063, May 2011

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hinton, G.E.: Training products of experts by minimizing contrastive divergence. Neural Computation 14(8), 1771–1800 (2002)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  24. Hinton, G.E.: A practical guide to training restricted boltzmann machines. In: Montavon, G., Orr, G.B., Müller, K.-R. (eds.) Neural Networks: Tricks of the Trade. LNCS, vol. 7700, pp. 599–619. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Jarrett, K., Kavukcuoglu, K., Ranzato, M., LeCun, Y.: What is the best multistage architecture for object recognition? In: ICCV (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Hinton, G.E.: Training products of experts by minimizing contrastive divergence. Neural Computation 14(8), 1771–1800 (2002)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Carreira-Perpinan, M.A., Hinton, G.E.: On contrastive divergence learning. In: Proceedings of the tenth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics, pp. 33–40, January 2005

    Google Scholar 

  28. Elleuch, M., Tagougui, N., Kherallah, M.: Arabic handwritten characters recognition using deep belief neural networks. In: 12th International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices - Conference on Communication & Signal Processing (2015) (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Lawgali, A., Angelova, M., Bouridane, A.: HACDB: handwritten arabic characters database for automatic character recognition. In: EUropean Workshop on Visual Information Processing (EUVIP), pp. 255–259 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Pechwitz, M., Maddouri, S.S., Märgner, V., Ellouze, N., Amiri, H.: IFN/ENIT database of handwritten Arabic words. In: Colloque International Francophone sur l’Ecrit et le Document (CIFED), pp. 127–136 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Albakoor, M., Saeed, K., Sukkar, F.: Intelligent system for arabic character recognition. In: World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC), pp. 982–987 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hamdi, R., Bouchareb, F., Bedda, M.: Handwritten arabic character recognition based on SVM classifier. In: 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications (ICTTA) (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Boubaker, H., Tagougui, N., Elbaati, A., Kherallah, M., Elabed, H., Alimi, A.M.: Online arabic databases and applications. In: Märgner, V., El Abed, H. (eds.) Guide to OCR for Arabic Scripts Chp. Part IV: Applications. Springer (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  34. AlKhateeb, H., Ren, J., Jiang, J., Al-Muhtaseb, H.: Offline handwritten Arabic cursive text recognition using Hidden Markov Models and re-ranking. Pattern Recognition Letters 32(8), 1081–1088 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Saabni, R.M., El-Sana, J.A.: Comprehensive synthetic Arabic database for on/off-line script recognition research. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognition (IJDAR) 16(3), 285–294 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Elleuch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Elleuch, M., Tagougui, N., Kherallah, M. (2015). Deep Learning for Feature Extraction of Arabic Handwritten Script. In: Azzopardi, G., Petkov, N. (eds) Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns. CAIP 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9257. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23117-4_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23117-4_32

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23116-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23117-4

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics