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microRNA and Epilepsy

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microRNA: Medical Evidence

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 888))

Abstract

Epilepsy is a common, serious neurological disease characterized by recurring seizures. Such abnormal, excessive synchronous firing of neurons arises in part because of imbalances in excitation and inhibition in the brain. The process of epileptogenesis, during which the normal brain is transformed after injury to one capable of generating spontaneous seizures, is associated with large-scale changes in gene expression. These contribute to the remodelling of brain networks that permanently alters excitability. Components of the microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis pathway have been found to be altered in brain tissue from epilepsy patients and experimental epileptogenic insults result in select changes to miRNAs regulating neuronal microstructure, cell death, inflammation, and ion channels. Targeting key miRNAs has been shown to alter brain excitability and suppress or exacerbate seizures, indicating potential for miRNA-based therapeutics in epilepsy. Altered miRNA profiles in biofluids may be potentially useful biomarkers of epileptogenesis. In summary, miRNAs represent an important layer of gene expression control in epilepsy with therapeutic and biomarker potential.

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Acknowledgements

The authors apologize to those authors whose relevant work was not cited here. microRNA research in the authors’ group is currently supported by grants from Health Research Board (HRA-POR-2013-325), European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 602130, Science Foundation Ireland (12/RC/2272, 12/COEN/18, 13/IA/1891, 14/ADV/RC2721), and Irish Research Council (GOIPD/2014/566).

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  1. Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin, Ireland

    Cristina R. Reschke & David C. Henshall Ph.D.

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  1. Cristina R. Reschke
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  2. David C. Henshall Ph.D.
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Correspondence to David C. Henshall Ph.D. .

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  1. Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA

    Gaetano Santulli

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Reschke, C.R., Henshall, D.C. (2015). microRNA and Epilepsy. In: Santulli, G. (eds) microRNA: Medical Evidence. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 888. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22671-2_4

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