Abstract
The difference of shown social behavior towards virtual humans and real humans has been subject to much research. Many of these studies compare virtual humans (VH) that are presented as either virtual agents controlled by a computer or as avatars controlled by real humans. In this study we directly compare VHs with real humans. Participants played an economic game against a computer-controlled VH or a visible human opponent. Decisions made throughout the game were logged, additionally participants’ faces were filmed during the study and analyzed with expression recognition software. The analysis of choices showed participants are far more willing to violate social norms with VHs: they are more willing to steal and less willing to forgive. Facial expressions show trends that suggest they are treating VHs less socially. The results highlight, that even in impoverished social interactions, VHs have a long way to go before they can evoke truly human-like responses.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported in part by the AFOSR [FA9550-14-1-0364] and the US Army. The content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of any Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred.
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Hoegen, R., Stratou, G., Lucas, G.M., Gratch, J. (2015). Comparing Behavior Towards Humans and Virtual Humans in a Social Dilemma. In: Brinkman, WP., Broekens, J., Heylen, D. (eds) Intelligent Virtual Agents. IVA 2015. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9238. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21996-7_48
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21996-7_48
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