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Biopolymers in Medical Implants

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Excipient Applications in Formulation Design and Drug Delivery

Abstract

Many researchers are exploring the potential use of biopolymers as implants in a wide range of applications ranging from replacements of bone to the regeneration of nerves. Biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatility are the properties which make these biopolymers materials of choice. Studies in biopolymer based implants (till date) indicate significant developments in terms of innovative strategies and design of implants to regenerate/repair a damaged tissue or organ. This chapter reviews the present state-of-art of biopolymers and their applications as medical implants. Several biopolymers namely poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates), collagen, gelatin, chitosan and hyaluronic acid are discussed in detail with reference to their applications in orthopaedics, ophthalmology, cardiology, otolaryngology and a few others.

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Abbreviations

AMD:

Age related macular degeneration

BMP:

Bone morphogenic protein

BSP:

Bone sialoprotein

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EDC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide

HA:

Hydroxyapatite

HCEC:

Human corneal endothelial cells

HHx:

Hydroxyhexanoate

HyA:

Hyaluronic acid

KPro:

Keratoprostheses

LCL:

Long-chain-length

LEC:

Limbal epithelial cells

LESC:

Limbal epithelial stem cell

MCL:

Medium-chain-length

NHS:

N-hydroxysuccinimide

nSiO2 :

Nano-silica

PCL:

Polycaprolactone

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

PHAs:

Poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates)

PHB:

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate)

P(4HB):

Poly (4-hydroxybutyrate)

P (3HB-co-3HHx):

Poly (3:hydroxybutyrate-co-3hydroxyhexanoate)

PHBV:

Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

P(3HO):

Poly (3-hydroxyoctanoate)

PLGA:

Poly-dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid

PLLA:

Poly-l-lactic acid

SCL:

Short-chain-length

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    Rachana Bhatt & Michael Jaffe

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Bhatt, R., Jaffe, M. (2015). Biopolymers in Medical Implants. In: Narang, A., Boddu, S. (eds) Excipient Applications in Formulation Design and Drug Delivery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20206-8_11

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