Skip to main content

Usefulness of Inconsistency in Collaborative Knowledge Authoring in Semantic Wiki

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems: Recent Trends, Advances and Solutions

Part of the book series: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing ((AISC,volume 364))

  • 860 Accesses

Abstract

Inconsistency in knowledge bases traditionally was considered undesired. Systematic eradication of it served to ensure high quality of a system. However, in case of semantic wikis, where distributed, hybrid knowledge bases are developed and maintained collectively, and inconsistency appears to be an intrinsic phenomena. In this paper, we analyze inconsistency in a semantic wiki system in terms of its origin, level, type, and significance. We claim that in some cases inconsistency should be tolerated and show examples where it can be used in a constructive way.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    See http://www.csus.edu/indiv/d/dowdenb/misc/inconsistency.htm.

  2. 2.

    A prototype implementation of the plugin was carried out by master students Magdalena Chmielewska and Tomasz Szczęśniak.

References

  1. Adrian, W.T., Bobek, S., Nalepa, G.J., Kaczor, K., Kluza, K.: How to reason by HeaRT in a semantic knowledge-based wiki. In: Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, ICTAI 2011, pp. 438–441. Boca Raton, Florida, USA, Nov 2011. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=6103361&tag=1

  2. Adrian, W.T., Ligęza, A., Nalepa, G.J.: Inconsistency handling in collaborative knowledge management. In: Ganzha, M., Maciaszek, L.A., Paprzycki, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems—FedCSIS 2013, pp. 1261–1266. IEEE, Krakow, Poland, 8–11 Sept 2013

    Google Scholar 

  3. Adrian, W.T., Nalepa, G.J., Ligęza, A.: On potential usefulness of inconsistency in collaborative knowledge engineering. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Analyti, A., Antoniou, G., Damásio, C.V., Wagner, G.: Extended rdf as a semantic foundation of rule markup languages. J. Artif. Intell. Res. 32(1), 37–94 (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Baumeister, J., Nalepa, G.J.: Verification of distributed knowledge in semantic knowledge wikis. In: Lane, H.C., Guesgen, H.W. (eds.) FLAIRS-22: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society conference: 19–21 May 2009, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA, pp. 384–389. FLAIRS, AAAI Press, Menlo Park, California (2009), to be published

    Google Scholar 

  6. Baumeister, J., Reutelshoefer, J., Puppe, F.: Engineering intelligent systems on the knowledge formalization continuum. Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. (AMCS) 21(1) (2011). http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/papers/baumeister/2011/2011-Baumeister-KFC-AMCS.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  7. Baumeister, J., Seipel, D.: Anomalies in ontologies with rules. Web Semant. Sci. Serv. Agents World Wide Web 8(1), 55–68 (2010). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570826809000778

    Google Scholar 

  8. Beck, H., Eiter, T., Krennwallner, T.: Inconsistency management for traffic regulations: formalization and complexity results. In: del Cerro, L.F., Herzig, A., Mengin, J. (eds.) Logics in Artificial Intelligence. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 7519, pp. 80–93. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33353-8_7

    Google Scholar 

  9. Belnap Jr, N.D.: A useful four-valued logic. In: Modern Uses of Multiple-valued Logic, pp. 5–37. Springer (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Bertossi, L., Hunter, A., Schaub, T.: Introduction to inconsistency tolerance. In: Bertossi, L., Hunter, A., Schaub, T. (eds.) Inconsistency Tolerance. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3300, pp. 1–14. Springer, Heidelberg (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30597-2_1

    Google Scholar 

  11. Besnard, P., Hunter, A.: Introduction to actual and potentialcontradictions.In: Besnard, P., Hunter, A. (eds.) Reasoning with Actual and PotentialContradictions, Handbook of Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty ManagementSystems, vol. 2, pp. 1–9. Springer Netherlands (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1739-7_1

  12. Bienvenu, M., Rosati, R.: New inconsistency-tolerant semantics for robust ontology-based data access. In: Description Logics, pp. 53–64 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Coenen, F., Bench-Capon, T., Boswell, R., Dibie-Barthélemy, J., Eaglestone, B., Gerrits, R., Grégoire, E., Ligęza, A., Laita, L., Owoc, M., Sellini, F., Spreeuwenberg, S., Vanthienen, J., Vermesan, A., Wiratunga, N.: Validation and verification of knowledge-based systems: report on eurovav99. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 15(2), 187–196, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0269888900002010

    Google Scholar 

  14. Eiter, T., Fink, M., Weinzierl, A.: Preference-based inconsistency assessment in multi-context systems. In: Janhunen, T., Niemelä, I. (eds.) Logics in Artificial Intelligence. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6341, pp. 143–155. Springer, Berlin (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15675-5_14

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gabbay, D., Hunter, A.: Making inconsistency respectable: a logical framework for inconsistency in reasoning, part i—a position paper. In: Jorrand, P., Kelemen, J. (eds.) Fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence Research, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 535, pp. 19–32. Springer, Berlin (1991). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54507-7_3

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gomez, S.A., Chesnevar, C.I., Simari, G.R.: Reasoning with inconsistent ontologies through argumentation. Appl. Artif. Intell. 24(1–2), 102–148 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Grant, J.: Classifications for inconsistent theories. Notre Dame J. Form. Log. 19(3), 435–444 (1978)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Grant, J., Hunter, A.: Measuring inconsistency in knowledgebases. J. Intell. Inf. Syst. 27(2), 159–184 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Grant, J., Hunter, A.: Measuring consistency gain and information loss in stepwise inconsistency resolution. In: Liu, W. (ed.) Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6717, pp. 362–373. Springer, Berlin (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Huang, Z., Harmelen, F.: Using semantic distances for reasoning withinconsistent ontologies. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conferenceon The Semantic Web, pp. 178–194. ISWC ’08, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hunter, A.: How to act on inconsistent news: ignore, resolve, or reject. Data Knowl. Eng. 57(3), 221–239 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2005.04.005

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hunter, A., Konieczny, S.: Approaches to measuring inconsistentinformation. In: Bertossi, L., Hunter, A., Schaub, T. (eds.) Inconsistency Tolerance,Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3300, pp. 191–236. Springer, Berlin (2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30597-2_7

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kühnberger, K.U., Geibel, P., Gust, H., Krumnack, U., Ovchinnikova, E., Schwering, A., Wandmacher, T.: Learning from inconsistencies in an integrated cognitive architecture. In: Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Artificial General Intelligence 2008, pp. 212–223. IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands (2008). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1566174.1566194

  24. Lenzerini, M., Savo, D.F.: Updating inconsistent description logic knowledge bases. In: ECAI. pp. 516–521 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ligęza, A.: Intelligent data and knowledge analysis and verification; towards a taxonomy of specific problems. In: Vermesan, A., Coenen, F. (eds.) Validation and Verification of Knowledge Based Systems, pp. 313–325. Springer, US (1999). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6916-6_21

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ligęza, A.: A 3-valued logic for diagnostic applications. In: Yannick, P., Alexander Feldman, A.G. (ed.) Diagnostic REAsoning: Model Analysis and Performance, August, 27th, Montpellier, France (2012). http://dreamap.sciencesconf.org/conference/dreamap/eda_en.pdf

  27. Ligęza, A., Kościelny, J.M.: A new approach to multiple fault diagnosis: a combination of diagnostic matrices, graphs, algebraic and rule-based models. the case of two-layer models. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci. 18(4), 465–476 (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Ligęza, A., Nalepa, G.J.: A study of methodological issues in design and development of rule-based systems: proposal of a new approach. Wiley Interdisc. Rev.: Data Min. Knowl. Discovery 1(2), 117–137 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ma, Y., Hitzler, P.: Paraconsistent reasoning for OWL 2. In: Polleres, A., Swift, T. (eds.) Web Reasoning and Rule Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5837, pp. 197–211. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ma, Y., Qi, G., Hitzler, P.: Computing inconsistency measure based on paraconsistent semantics. J. Logic Comput. 21(6), 1257–1281 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Nalepa, G., Bobek, S., Ligęza, A., Kaczor, K.: Algorithms forruleinference in modularized rule bases. In: Bassiliades, N., Governatori, G.,Paschke, A. (eds.) Rule-Based Reasoning, Programming, and Applications. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6826, pp. 305–312. Springer, Berlin (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nalepa, G., Bobek, S., Ligęza, A., Kaczor, K.: HalVA—ruleanalysisframework for XTT2 rules. In: Bassiliades, N., Governatori, G., Paschke, A.(eds.) Rule-Based Reasoning, Programming, and Applications. Lecture Notes inComputer Science, vol. 6826, pp. 337–344. Springer, Berlin (2011). http://www.springerlink.com/content/c276374nh9682jm6/

  33. Nalepa, G.J.: PlWiki—a generic semantic wiki architecture. In: Nguyen, N.T., Kowalczyk, R., Chen, S.M. (eds.) Computational Collective Intelligence. Semantic Web, Social Networks and Multiagent Systems, First InternationalConference, ICCCI 2009, Wroclaw, Poland, October 5–7, 2009. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5796, pp. 345–356. Springer (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Nalepa, G.J.: Collective knowledge engineering with semantic wikis. J. Univ. Comput. Sci. 16(7), 1006–1023 (2010). http://www.jucs.org/jucs_16_7/collective_knowledge_engineering_with

  35. Nalepa, G.J.: Loki—semantic wiki with logical knowledgerepresentation. In: Nguyen, N.T. (ed.) Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence III, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6560, pp. 96–114. Springer (2011). http://www.springerlink.com/content/y91w134g03344376/

  36. Nalepa, G.J., Ligęza, A., Kaczor, K.: Formalization and modeling of rules using the XTT2 method. Int. J. Artif. Intell. Tools 20(6), 1107–1125 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Newell, A.: The knowledge level. Artif. Intell. 18(1), 87–127 (1982)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nguyen, N.T.: Advanced Methods for Inconsistent Knowledge Management (Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing). Springer, London (2008)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  39. Nuseibeh, B., Easterbrook, S., Russo, A.: Making inconsistency respectable in software development. J. Syst. Softw. 58(2), 171–180 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Pniewska, J., Adrian, W.T., Czerwoniec, A.: Prototyping: is it a more creative way for shaping ideas. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia, Interaction, Design and Innovation. pp. 18:1–18:8. MIDI ’13, ACM, New York, NY, USA (2013). http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2500342.2500361

  41. Priest, G., Tanaka, K., Weber, Z.: Paraconsistent logic. In: Zalta, E.N. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Summer 2013 edn. (2013)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Weronika T. Adrian .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this paper

Cite this paper

Adrian, W.T., Nalepa, G.J., Ligęza, A. (2016). Usefulness of Inconsistency in Collaborative Knowledge Authoring in Semantic Wiki. In: Skulimowski, A., Kacprzyk, J. (eds) Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems: Recent Trends, Advances and Solutions. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 364. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19090-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19090-7_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-19089-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-19090-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics