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Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests pp 97–137Cite as

Entomopathogenic Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Distributions, Interactions and the Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors

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Part of the book series: Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection ((SUPP))

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are important agents for the biological control of soil insect pests in natural and managed ecosystems (Denno, Gruner, & Kaplan, 2008; Grewal, Ehlers, & Shapiro-Ilan, 2005; Lacey & Georgis, 2012). However, like most soil organisms, our knowledge of their activities is relatively limited compared to above ground organisms. Indeed, research on soil biota has long been a challenging aspect of modern ecology because of the inherent difficulties of sampling, manipulating, and otherwise investigating below ground processes (Brown & Gange, 1990; Fierer, Strickland, Liptzin, Bradford, & Cleveland, 2009). Progress is being made with EPNs but we are still a long way from the comprehensive understanding of their soil biology that is required if they are to fulfill their rich potential as manageable biological control agents in cultivated ecosystems. Twenty–five years ago Hominick and Reid (1990) stated: “We are almost completely ignorant of the population biology of entomopathogenic nematodes, yet such information is fundamental to understanding their persistence, distribution, effect on insect populations, and to the development of predictive models for control programs.” Subsequently, researchers have been chipping away at this problem, more intensive field studies have been conducted, models have been developed for various processes, and molecular techniques have begun providing new ways of exploring fundamental issues (Bai, Adams, Ciche, Clifton, Gaugler, et al., 2013; Campos-Herrera, Barbercheck, Hoy, & Stock, 2012; Campos-Herrera, Pathak, El-Borai, Stuart, Gutiérrez, et al., 2013; Stuart, Barbercheck, Grewal, Taylor, & Hoy, 2006) but much remains to be done. This paper reviews some aspects of the distribution of EPNs in the soil environment, what we know about their interactions, and the various biotic and abiotic factors that influence them.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Dundee Biological Control Laboratory, Dundee, FL, USA

    Robin J. Stuart

  2. Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Mary E. Barbercheck

  3. Entomology and Plant Pathology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

    Parwinder S. Grewal

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  1. Robin J. Stuart
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  2. Mary E. Barbercheck
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  3. Parwinder S. Grewal
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Correspondence to Robin J. Stuart .

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  1. University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland

    Raquel Campos-Herrera

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Stuart, R.J., Barbercheck, M.E., Grewal, P.S. (2015). Entomopathogenic Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Distributions, Interactions and the Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors. In: Campos-Herrera, R. (eds) Nematode Pathogenesis of Insects and Other Pests. Sustainability in Plant and Crop Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18266-7_4

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