Abstract
In this paper, a history of development of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was presented, followed by a review of fundamental mechanisms of their deformation and fracture. In this study, observations of fracture surfaces of the Zr-Cu-based BMG exposed to a 3-point test revealed features that are different from those observed in crystalline materials. Indentation techniques were extensively used to characterise elastic deformation of the studied BMG alloy, followed by a systematic analysis of initiation and evolution of shear-band localisation in the indented material. Our results, obtained with the suggested wedge-indentation technique, demonstrated initiation of shear bands in the material volume. This technique can be particularly useful for development of appropriate constitutive models to analyse plastic events in amorphous materials in the small-length scale. A current state of constitutive models of deformation and fracture behaviour of BMGs are presented together with modelling challenges. Simulation of simple tensile and compressive tests were conducted with JH-2, JHB and Drucker-Prager constitutive models by employing identical boundary conditions, type of element and specimen’s geometry. Based on the obtained simulation results, the JH-2 model was considered as not suitable for quasi-static analysis due to ambiguity of the data produced with it for uniaxial tensile and compressive conditions. However, it is concluded that the extended Drucker-Prager and JHB models can be used to study deformation modes in BMGs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aning, A., Wang, Z., Courtney, T.: Tungsten solution kinetics and amorphization of nickel in mechanically alloyed Ni-W alloys. Acta Metall. Mater. 41(1), 165–174 (1993)
Argon, A.: Plastic deformation in metallic glasses. Acta Metall. 27(1), 47–58 (1979)
Bharathula, A., Lee, S.W., Wright, W.J, Flores, K.M.: Compression testing of metallic glass at small length scales: Effects on deformation mode and stability. Acta Mater. 58, 5789–5796 (2010)
Bhowmick, R., Raghavan, R., Chattopadhyay, K., Ramamurty, U.: Plastic flow softening in a bulk metallic glass. Acta Mater. 54(16), 4221–4228 (2006)
Brace, W.F., Bombolaski, E.G.: A note on brittle crack growth in compression. J. Geophys. Res. 68(12), 3709–3713 (1963)
Brandtzaeg, A.: Failure of a Material Composed of Non-isotropic Elements, Trondnjem Bruns, Trondhjem (1927)
Byrne, C.J., Eldrup, M.: Materials science. Bulk metallic glasses. Science 321(5888), 502–503 (2008). (New York)
Cai, H., Kalceff, S.M.A., Lawn, B.R.: Deformation and fracture of mica-containing glass-ceramics in Hertzian contacts. J. Mater. Res. 9(03), 762–770 (1994)
Chen, Y., Jiang, M.Q., Dai, L.H.: How does the initial free volume distribution affect shear band formation in metallic glass? Sci China 54(8), 1488–1494 (2011)
Cheng, J., Ghosh, S.: Computational modeling of plastic deformation and shear banding in bulk metallic glasses. Comput. Mater. Sci. 69, 494–504 (2013)
Chu, Jinn P., Jang, J.S.C., Huang, J.C., Chouc, H.S., Yangd, Y., Yed, J.C., Wange, Y.C., Leef, J.W., Liug, F.X., Liawg, P.K., Chenh, Y.C., Leeh, C.M., Lih, C.L., Rullyania, Cut: Thin film metallic glasses: unique properties and potential applications. Thin Solid Films 520(16), 5097–5122 (2012)
De Hosson, J.T.M.: Advances in transmission electron microscopy: In situ straining and in situ compression experiments on metallic glasses. Microsc. Res. Tech. 72, (2009)
Dubach, A., Raghavan, R., Loffler, J.F., Michler, J., Ramamurty, U.: Micropillar compression studies on a bulk metallic glass in different structural states. Scripta Mater. 60(7), 567–570 (2009)
Eswar Prasad, K., Ramamurty, U.: Effect of temperature on the plastic zone size and the shear band density in a bulk metallic glass. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 535, 48–52 (2012)
Fischer-Cripps, A.: Elastic–plastic behaviour in materials loaded with a spherical indenter. J. Mater. Sci. 32(3), 727–736 (1997)
Fischer-Cripps, A.: Use of combined elastic modulus in the analysis of depth-sensing indentation data. J. Mater. Res. 16(11), 3050–3052 (2001)
Frost, H.J., Ashby, M.F.: Deformation Mechanism Maps: The Plasticity and Creep of Metals and Ceramics, Pergamon Press, New York (1982)
Gao, Y.F.: An implicit finite element method for simulating inhomogeneous deformation and shear bands of amorphous alloys based on the free-volume model. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 14(8), 1329–1345 (2006)
Glucklich, J.: Fracture of plain concrete. J. Eng. Mech. 89, 127–138 (1963)
Greer, A.L., Cheng, Y.Q., Ma, E.: Shear bands in metallic glasses. Mater. Sci. Eng., R 74(4), 71–132 (2013)
Greer, J.R., Hosson, De, Jeff, ThM: Plasticity in small-sized metallic systems: Intrinsic versus extrinsic size effect. Prog. Mater Sci. 56(6), 654–724 (2011)
Gözlüklü, B., Coker, D.: Modeling of the dynamic delamination of L-shaped unidirectional laminated composites. Compos. Struct. 94(4), 1430–1442 (2012)
Holmquist, T.J., Johnson, G.R.: Characterization and evaluation of silicon carbide for high-velocity impact. J. Appl. Phys. 97(9), 093502 (2005)
Huang, R., Suo, Z., Prevost, J., Nix, W.: Inhomogeneous deformation in metallic glasses. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 50(5), 1011–1027 (2002)
Inoue, A., Shinohara, Y., Gook, J.S.: Thermal and magnetic properties of bulk Fe-based glassy alloys prepared by copper mold casting. Mater. Trans. JIM 36, 1427–1433 (1995)
Jana, S., Bhowmick, R., Kawamura, Y., Chattopadhyay, K., Ramamurty, U.: Deformation morphology underneath the Vickers indent in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. Intermetallics 12(10), 1097–1102 (2004)
Jana, S., Ramamurty, U., Chattopadhyay, K., Kawamura, Y.: Subsurface deformation during Vickers indentation of bulk metallic glasses. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 375, 1191–1195 (2004)
Jang, D., Greer, J.R.: Transition from a strong-yet-brittle to a stronger-and-ductile state by size reduction of metallic glasses. Nat. Mater. 9(3), 215–219 (2010)
Jiang, M.Q., Dai, L.H.: On the origin of shear banding instability in metallic glasses. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 57 (8), 1267–1292 (2009)
Johnson, W.L.: Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the crystal to glass transformation in metallic materials. Prog. Mater. Sci. 30(2), 81–134 (1986)
Johnson, G.R., Holmquist, T.J.: Response of boron carbide subjected to large strains, high strain rates, and high pressures. J. Appl. Phys. 85(12), 8060–8073 (1999)
Klement, W., Willens, R. and Duwez, P.: Non-crystalline structure in solidified gold–silicon alloys. Nature. 187(5), 867–870 (1960)
Lai, Y.H., Lee, C.J., Cheng, Y.T., Chou, H.S., Chen, H.M., Du, X.H., Chang, C.I., Huang, J.C., Jian, S.R., Jang, J.S.C., Nieh, T.G.: Bulk and microscale compressive behavior of a Zr-based metallic glass. 58(10), 890–893 (2008)
Lee, C.J., Huang, J.C., Nieh, T.G.: Sample size effect and microcompression of Mg65Cu25Gd10 metallic glass. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, (2007)
Lewandowski, J., Wang, W., Greer, A.: Intrinsic plasticity or brittleness of metallic glasses. Philos. Mag. Lett. 85(2), 77–87 (2005)
Li, J.C., Wei, Q., Chen, X.W., Huang, F.L.: On the mechanism of deformation and failure in bulk metallic glasses. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 610, 91–105 (2014)
Liu, Z., Wang, R., Qu, R., Zhang, Z.: Precisely predicting and designing the elasticity of metallic glasses. J. Appl. Phys. 115(20), 203513 (2014)
Madge, S., Louzguine-Luzgin, D., Lewandowski, J., Greer, A.: Toughness, extrinsic effects and Poisson’s ratio of bulk metallic glasses. Acta Mater. 60(12), 4800–4809 (2012)
Matthews, D., Ocelik, V., Bronsveld, P., De Hosson, JThM: An electron microscopy appraisal of tensile fracture in metallic glasses. Acta Mater. 56(8), 1762–1773 (2008)
Megusar, J., Argon, A., Grant, N.: Plastic flow and fracture in Pd80Si20 near Tg. Mater. Sci. Eng. 38(1), 63–72 (1979)
Mulhern, J., Rogers, T., Spencer, A.: A continuum theory of a plastic-elastic fibre-reinforced material. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 7(2), 129–152 (1969)
Nekouie, V., Abeygunawardane-Arachchige, G., Kühn, U., Roy, A., Silberschmidt, V.V.: Indentation-induced deformation localisation in Zr-Cu-based metallic glass. J. Alloy. Compd. 615(5), 93–97 (2014)
Nemat-Nasser, S., Li, J.Y.: Electromechanical response of ionic polymer-metal composites. J. Appl. Phys. 87(7), 3321–3331 (2000)
Packard, C., Schuh, C.: Initiation of shear bands near a stress concentration in metallic glass. Acta Mater. 55(16), 5348–5358 (2007)
Ramamurty, U., Jana, S., Kawamura, Y., Chattopadhyay, K.: Hardness and plastic deformation in a bulk metallic glass. Acta Mater. 53(3), 705–717 (2005)
Ruan, H., Zhang, L., Lu, J.: A new constitutive model for shear banding instability in metallic glass. Int. J. Solids Struct. 48(21), 3112–3127 (2011)
Schroers, J., Johnson, W.L.: Ductile bulk metallic glass. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(25), 255506 (2004)
Schuh, C.A., Hufnagel, T.C., Ramamurty, U.: Mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys. Acta Mater. 55(12), 4067–4109 (2007)
Schuster, B.E., Wei, Q., Hufnagel, T.C., Ramesh, K.T.: Size-independent strength and deformation mode in compression of a Pd-based metallic glass. Acta Matter. 56, 5091–5100 (2013)
Schwarz, R., Johnson, W.: Formation of an amorphous alloy by solid-state reaction of the pure polycrystalline metals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 51(5), 415 (1983)
Shi, Y., Falk Michael, L.: Stress-induced structural transformation and shear banding during simulated nanoindentation of a metallic glass. Acta Mater. 55(13), 4317–4324 (2007)
Spaepen, F.: A microscopic mechanism for steady state inhomogeneous flow in metallic glasses. Acta Metall. 25(4), 407–415 (1977)
Steif, P., Spaepen, F., Hutchinson, J.: Strain localization in amorphous metals. Acta Metall. 30(2), 447–455 (1982)
Thamburaja, P.: Length scale effects on the shear localization process in metallic glasses: A theoretical and computational study. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 59(8), 1552–1575 (2011)
Vaidyanathan, R., Dao, M., Ravichandran, G., Suresh, S.: Study of mechanical deformation in bulk metallic glass through instrumented indentation. Acta Mater. 49(18), 3781–3789 (2001)
Van Diepen, A., Buschow, K.: Hydrogen absorption in CeFe2 and ThFe3. Solid State Commun. 22(2), 113–115 (1977)
Vincent, S., Basu, J., Murty, B., Bhatt, J.: Micro indentation study on Cu 60Zr20Ti20 metallic glass. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 550, 160–166 (2012)
Volkert, C.A., Donohue, A., Spaepen, F.: Effect of sample size on deformation in amorphous metals. J. Appl. Phys. 103, 1–5 (2008)
Wang, W.H.: The elastic properties, elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses. Prog. Mater. Sci. 57(3), 487–656 (2012)
Wang, E.Z., Shrive, N.G.: Brittle fracture in compression: Mechanisms, models and criteria. Eng. Fract. Mech. 52(6), 1107–1126 (1995)
Yang, Q., Mota, A., Oriz, M.: A finite-deformation constitutive model of bulk metallic glass plasticity. Comput. Mech. 37, 194–204 (2006)
Yeh, X., Samwer, K., Johnson, W.: Formation of an amorphous metallic hydride by reaction of hydrogen with crystalline intermetallic compounds—a new method of synthesizing metallic glasses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 42(3), 242–243 (1983)
Zhang, H., Jing, X., Subhash, G., Kecskes, L.J., Dowding, R.J.: Investigation of shear band evolution in amorphous alloys beneath a Vickers indentation. Acta Mater. 53(14), 3849–3859 (2005)
Zhao, M., Li, M.: A constitutive theory and modeling on deviation of shear band inclination angles in bulk metallic glasses. J. Mater. Res. 24(08), 2688–2696 (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nekouie, V., Abeygunawardane-Arachchige, G., Roy, A., Silberschmidt, V.V. (2015). Bulk Metallic Glasses: Mechanical Properties and Performance. In: Silberschmidt, V., Matveenko, V. (eds) Mechanics of Advanced Materials. Engineering Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17118-0_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17118-0_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-17117-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-17118-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)