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Colonization and Spread of Limnoperna fortunei in South America

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Limnoperna Fortunei

Part of the book series: Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology ((INNA,volume 10))

Abstract

The invasion of the exotic bivalve Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) in South America started with its introduction, presumably with ballast water from transoceanic ships trading with Southeast Asia, in the Río de la Plata estuary (Argentina) around 1990. From there, it spread swiftly to cover most of the Río de la Plata basin, as well as the basins of Guaíba and Tramandaí (Brazil), Patos–Mirim (Brazil–Uruguay), and Mar Chiquita (central Argentina). These smaller watersheds were most probably colonized as a result of secondary human-mediated introductions from waterbodies of the Río de la Plata basin. L. fortunei is now present in five South American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Expansion was much faster along navigable waterways, especially the Paraná River and its tributaries (around 250 km/year), and slower elsewhere (Upper Paraguay and Uruguay rivers and their tributaries). Over 20 years after its introduction in South America, new waterbodies are still being colonized by L. fortunei (e.g., the first records of the mussel in the Peixoto and Itapeva lakes, Tramandaí River system, date from 2013). Mussels have not been recorded in a few rivers of the Río de la Plata basin where their survival seems to be limited by excessively high suspended solid loads or salinities, or by the fact that they periodically dry out (e.g., the rivers Bermejo, Pilcomayo, and Salado del Norte, in north-central Argentina). South American populations display a relatively high genetic differentiation, confirming that geographic spread is strongly dependent on human activities: vessel and barge traffic is the main vector that helps to disperse the mussel locally through upstream “jumps” of adults attached to ship hulls. Genetic studies also suggest that there have been multiple introductions. By early 2014, L. fortunei had not yet been reported from any of the other major South American watersheds (Amazon, São Francisco, Orinoco), but colonization of these basins is probably inevitable. Modeling of potential distribution based on habitat fitness indicates that extensive regions could support L. fortunei, including much of lowland South America, southern Mexico, the southeastern USA, Europe, and Africa.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, Rua 21 de Setembro, 1880, MS, Brazil

    Marcia D. Oliveira

  2. Instituto Senai de Tecnologia em Meio Ambiente, Centro de Inovação e Tecnologia SENAI FIEMG—Campus CETEC, Av. José Cândido da Silveira 2000, 31035536, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Mônica C. S. Campos

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Esteban M. Paolucci

  4. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Esteban M. Paolucci

  5. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Centro de Ecologia—CENECO, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, setor 4, prédio 43411, RS, Brazil

    Maria C. D. Mansur

  6. Kellogg Biological Station and Dept. of Zoology, Michigan State University, 3700 E. Gull Lake Dr., 49060, Hickory Corners, MI, USA

    Stephen K. Hamilton

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  1. Marcia D. Oliveira
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  2. Mônica C. S. Campos
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  3. Esteban M. Paolucci
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  4. Maria C. D. Mansur
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Correspondence to Marcia D. Oliveira .

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  1. Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Argentina

    Demetrio Boltovskoy

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Oliveira, M., Campos, M., Paolucci, E., Mansur, M., Hamilton, S. (2015). Colonization and Spread of Limnoperna fortunei in South America. In: Boltovskoy, D. (eds) Limnoperna Fortunei. Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13494-9_19

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