Abstract
The “no hair” theorem is not formally applicable for black holes formed from collapse of a rotating neutron star. Rotating neutron stars can self-produce particles via vacuum breakdown forming a highly conducting plasma magnetosphere such that magnetic field lines are effectively “frozen-in” the star both before and during collapse. In the limit of no resistivity, this introduces a topological constraint which prohibits the magnetic field from sliding off the newly-formed event horizon. As a result, during collapse of a neutron star into a black hole, the latter conserves the number of magnetic flux tubes \(N_B = e \varPhi _\infty /( \pi c \hbar )\), where \(\varPhi _\infty \) is the initial magnetic flux through the hemispheres of the progenitor and out to infinity. The black hole’s magnetosphere subsequently relaxes to the split monopole magnetic field geometry with self-generated currents outside the event horizon. The dissipation of the resulting equatorial current sheet leads to a slow loss of the anchored flux tubes, a process that makes the black hole bald on long resistive time scales rather than the short light-crossing time scales expected from the vacuum “no-hair” theorem.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Misner, C., Thorne, K., Wheeler, J.: Gravitation. Freeman, San Francisco (1973)
Price, R.H.: Nonspherical perturbations of relativistic gravitational collapse. II. Integer-spin, zero-rest-mass fields. Phys. Rev. D 5, 2439 (1972). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.5.2439
Goldreich, P., Julian, W.H.: Pulsar electrodynamics. Astrophys. J. 157, 869 (1969). doi:10.1086/150119
Blandford, R.D., Znajek, R.L.: Electromagnetic extraction of energy from Kerr black holes. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 179, 433 (1977)
Muslimov, A.G., Tsygan, A.I.: General relativistic electric potential drops above pulsar polar caps. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 255, 61 (1992)
Michel, F.C.: Rotating magnetosphere: a simple relativistic model. Astrophys. J. 180, 207 (1973). doi:10.1086/151956
Lyutikov, M.: Electromagnetic power of merging and collapsing compact objects. Phys. Rev. D 83(12), 124035 (2011). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.83.124035
Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M.: Fluid Mechanics. Course of Theoretical Physics. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1959)
McKinney, J.C.: General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the jet formation and large-scale propagation from black hole accretion systems. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 368, 1561 (2006). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10256.x
Lyutikov, M.: Explosive reconnection in magnetars. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 346, 540 (2003). doi:10.1046/j.1365-2966.2003.07110.x
Gruzinov, A.: Strong-Field Electrodynamics, ArXiv e-prints [http://arxiv.org/abs/0802.1716arXiv:0802.1716] (2008)
Li, J., Spitkovsky, A., Tchekhovskoy, A.: Resistive solutions for pulsar magnetospheres. Astrophys. J. 746, 60 (2012). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/1/60
Lyutikov, M.: The electromagnetic model of short GRBs, the nature of prompt tails, supernova-less long GRBs, and highly efficient episodic accretion. Astrophys. J. 768, 63 (2013). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this paper
Cite this paper
Lyutikov, M. (2014). Hair of Astrophysical Black Holes. In: Bičák, J., Ledvinka, T. (eds) Relativity and Gravitation. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 157. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06761-2_54
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06761-2_54
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-06760-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-06761-2
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)