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Spatial Dimensions of Big Data: Application of Geographical Concepts and Spatial Technology to the Internet of Things

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Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 546))

Abstract

Geography can be considered an important binding principle in the Internet of Things, as all physical objects and the sensor data they produce have a position, dimension, and orientation in space and time, and spatial relationships exist between them. By applying spatial relationships, functions, and models to the spatial characteristics of smart objects and the sensor data, the flows and behaviour of objects and people in Smart Cities can be more efficiently monitored and orchestrated. In the near future, billions of devices with location—and other sensors and actuators become internet connected, and Spatial Big Data will be created. This will pose a challenge to real-time spatial data management and analysis, but technology is progressing fast, and integration of spatial concepts and technology in the Internet of Things will become a reality.

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Abbreviations

ADE:

Application Domain Extensions

ANPR:

Automatic Number Plate Recognition

API:

Application Programming Interface

AR:

Augmented Reality

CEP:

Complex Event Processing

EDA:

Event Driven Architecture

ESB:

Enterprise Service Bus

ESP:

Event Stream Processing

ETL:

Extract Transform Load

GGIM:

Global Geospatial Information Management

GIS:

Geographical Information System

GIS[MYAMP:

T] Geographical Information Science and Technology

GML:

Geography Markup Language

GPS:

Global Positioning System

IDW:

Inverse Distance Weighted

IoT:

Internet of Things

JSON:

Java Script Object Notation

LBS:

Location Based Services

LoD:

Level Of Detail

NFC:

Near Field Communication

OGC:

Open Geospatial Consortium

QR:

Quick Response

RFID:

Radio Frequency IDentification

SOA:

Service Oriented Architecture

SEP:

Simple Event Processing

SES:

Sensor Event Service

SIR:

Sensor Instance Registry

SOR:

Sensor Observable Registry

SOS:

Sensor Observation Service

SPS:

Sensor Planning Service

SQL:

Structured Query Language

SWE:

Sensor Web Enablement

UN:

United Nations

UWB:

Ultra Wide Band

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Acknowledgments

Writing this chapter would not have been possible without the support of our fellow researchers at the SPINlab of the VU University and our collegues at Geodan. We would like to thank them for their inspiring conversations, discussions, and thoughts on this subject. Further, we are grateful to the copyright owners for the use of figures and texts in this chapter. Finally, we are obliged to Laura Till and Patricia Ellman for taking a careful eye and a sharp pencil to review our material.

Author Biographies Erik van der Zee MSc. has a background in Physical Geography and Business Economics. He works as senior Geo-IT consultant and researcher at Geodan (www.geodan.nl) and is a member of the Geodan Innovation Board. His expertise is in designing and implementing innovative geospatial IT architectures. At SPINlab, he is a researcher on sensor networks, the Internet of Things and Smart Cities. He also supervises PhD students within the EU funded MULTI-POS (http://www.multi-pos.eu) framework, an international initiative with 17 research institutes and associated commercial partners that addresses challenging research topics in the field of location services and technologies.

Prof. Dr. Henk Scholten is head of the SPatial INformation Laboratory (SPINlab, http://www.feweb.vu.nl/gis/spinlab) of the VU University Amsterdam. The SPINlab is a world-leading research centre for Geographical Information Science and Technology at the Department of Spatial Economics of the VU University Amsterdam. He is also CEO and founder of Geodan (www.geodan.nl), one of the largest European companies specialized in geospatial technology and system integration.

Henk Scholten and Erik van der Zee have recently contributed to the UN Global Geospatial Information Management (GGIM) report on the five- to ten-year vision of future trends in geospatial information management.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. VU University, FEWEB-RE, attn. SPINlab, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Erik van der Zee & Henk Scholten

  2. Geodan, President Kennedylaan, 1079 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Erik van der Zee & Henk Scholten

Authors
  1. Erik van der Zee
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Correspondence to Erik van der Zee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom

    Nik Bessis

  2. Department of Computer Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania

    Ciprian Dobre

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van der Zee, E., Scholten, H. (2014). Spatial Dimensions of Big Data: Application of Geographical Concepts and Spatial Technology to the Internet of Things. In: Bessis, N., Dobre, C. (eds) Big Data and Internet of Things: A Roadmap for Smart Environments. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 546. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05029-4_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05029-4_6

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