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Quality Consistency of Herbal Products: Chemical Evaluation

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Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 122

Part of the book series: Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products ((POGRCHEM,volume 122))

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Abstract

The widespread utility of herbal products has been rising considerably worldwide, including both developed and developing countries, leading to the rapid growth of their availability in the United States and globally. This substantial increase in consumption of herbal products has witnessed the emergence of adverse effects upon oral administration of certain of these products, and thus has raised safety concerns. The adverse effects caused by the consumption of certain botanical medicines occur primarily as a result of the poor quality of plant raw materials or the finished products, which inherently may affect safety and/or efficacy. The poor quality of some herbal products can be attributed to a lack of proper quality assurance and quality control. A high demand for herbal products that surpasses production, combined with a desire for maximizing profits, along with a lack of rigorous quality control within some manufacturing facilities have led to the emergence of quality inconsistencies. The underlying causes for this involve the misidentification of plant species, or their substitution, adulteration, or contamination with harmful ingredients. Analytical assessments have revealed there to be frequent and significant compositional variations between marketed herbal products. The inconsistency of the quality of herbal products can be ascribed essentially to the inconsistency of the botanical raw material quality used to manufacture the products. Thus, the quality assurance and the quality control of the botanical raw materials is may contribute significantly to improving the quality and consistency of the quality of the end products. The current chapter focuses on the chemical evaluation of quality and consistency of herbal products, including botanical dietary supplements. Different techniques, instruments, applications, and methods used in identifying, quantifying, and generating chemical fingerprints and chemical profiles of the ingredients of the herbal products will be described. The strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques available will be addressed. Limitations of the other approaches including morphological or microscopic analysis and DNA-based analysis will be presented.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Jeff Solomon for his constructive comments and diligent proofreading of the current book chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA

    Ahmed Osman, Amar G. Chittiboyina, Bharathi Avula, Zulfiqar Ali, Sebastian J. Adams & Ikhlas A. Khan

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  1. Ahmed Osman
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  2. Amar G. Chittiboyina
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  3. Bharathi Avula
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  4. Zulfiqar Ali
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  5. Sebastian J. Adams
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  6. Ikhlas A. Khan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed Osman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    A. Douglas Kinghorn

  2. Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Linz, Austria

    Heinz Falk

  3. Centre for Natural Products Discovery, Liverpool John Moores University, Birmingham, UK

    Simon Gibbons

  4. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan

    Yoshinori Asakawa

  5. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Central University for Nationaliti, Wuhan, China

    Ji-Kai Liu

  6. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Wien, Wien, Austria

    Verena M. Dirsch

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Osman, A., Chittiboyina, A., Avula, B., Ali, Z., Adams, S.J., Khan, I.A. (2023). Quality Consistency of Herbal Products: Chemical Evaluation. In: Kinghorn, A.D., Falk, H., Gibbons, S., Asakawa, Y., Liu, JK., Dirsch, V.M. (eds) Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 122. Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products, vol 122. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26768-0_2

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