Abstract
In Russia, in 2020, the pandemic led to a remarkable decentralization in the power distribution from the federal government to the regional authorities, which were free to choose restrictive measures and, in general, to implement strategies to deal with the pandemic and its consequences. Based on an analysis of legal regulations and statistical data, the chapter examines how policy measures varied among Russian regions and how they reflected the trade-off between spread of the disease, economic well-being, and political priorities, all highly dependent on the regional context. We conclude that although regional authorities acquired responsibility for the situation, during the pandemic they often had a lack of relevant resources to deal with its economic consequences. Crises primarily affected the market services sector, for example, hotels, catering, culture and leisure enterprises, and B2B services. The resulting unemployment rates varied highly among regions partly because of the initial differences in the sectoral structure of labor markets, but also due to the effectiveness of policy measures adopted by regional and local governments. The case of St. Petersburg, which recorded the highest death rates from COVID-19 in Russia, shows the incompleteness and contradictions in official statistics that complicated the adoption of governmental decisions. Inadequate regional and municipal budget planning and implementation undermined an effective policy response to the pandemic in the city.
This chapter is the product of a collective effort by all six authors; however, primary responsibility for the different sections is as follows: Maria Zotova: Sect. 21.1; Olga Glezer: Sects. 21.2 and 21.3.1; Sergey Safronov: Sect. 21.3.2; Evgeny Antonov, Alexander Sheludkov: Sect. 21.3.3; Kirill Strakhov: Sect. 21.3.4.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The database of legal acts of the ConsultantPlus Reference Legal System “Consolidated Regional Legislation” as of April 20, 2021, was used.
- 2.
Decree of the Mayor of Moscow of March 5, 2020, no. 12-UM, On the Introduction of a High Alert Regime.
- 3.
Federal Law no. 68-FZ of December 21, 1994, On Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Man-Made Emergencies.
- 4.
However, the orders of regional and municipal departments and organizations regulated their own work regime and the behavior of their employees at work and in the performance of official duties.
- 5.
For a little more than a year of the pandemic, in some regions, acts were changed less than ten times; in most, dozens of times; and in some, more than a hundred. Obviously, such a spread cannot correspond to either the dynamism of the epidemiological situation or the particulars of legal adjustment to the situation; it can be explained only subjectively.
- 6.
According to (Obshchestvo… 2020), wearing masks was mandatory in 81 (out of 85) federal subjects; self-isolation has been introduced in 71 regions; a pass system, in 47; restrictions on movement between individual municipalities, in 20; administrative liability for violation of the regime, in 15; quarantine, in 10; partial suspension of transport links, in 8; restrictions on entry into a region, in 5.
- 7.
Numerous social and political events (in 2020 and early 2021, they abound) significant for the entire country or for individual regions and municipalities were used by the authorities to weaken or strengthen restrictive measures. In turn, the measures were widely used to regulate the political agenda: e.g., restrictions on holding mass events served as a permanent basis for prohibiting protests, but they did not interfere with the organization of pro-government or official state actions with an incomparably larger number of participants. The most recent example is the sudden, but not justified by the epidemiological situation, reduction in the permissible number of those present at meetings by a subsequent (49th in a row) amendment to the Decree of the Governor of Novgorod oblast of March 6, 2020, no. 97, On the Introduction of a High Alert Regime 4 days before the start of the All-Russian Congress of Independent Municipal Deputies, which the authorities frowned upon (Zemsky Congress in Novgorod does not fit, Kommersant, May 22, 2021. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4818642. Accessed May 23, 2021).
- 8.
Federal Law of April 1, 2020, no. 98-FZ, On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies.
- 9.
For example, it was in the framework of 68-FZ (according to the preamble of the Decree of the Mayor of Moscow of March 5, 2020, no. 12-UM) that a universal self-isolation regime was introduced in Moscow from the end of March 2020, forbidding to leave one’s place of residence with a few exceptions for urgent reasons. By the morning of March 31, another 25 regions had introduced a self-isolation regime, and the day before, such a request had come from the federal level, the prime minister.
- 10.
With all the ambiguity, inconsistency, and lack of developed measures, which often led to organizational misunderstanding and excesses, especially regarding the rights of citizens (e.g., reduced fares on Moscow public transport were blocked on the social cards of schoolchildren, students, and those aged 65 or older).
- 11.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 2, 2020, no. 417, On Approval of Rules of Conduct Mandatory for Citizens and Organizations, When a High Alert or Emergency Regime Is Introduced.
- 12.
At the beginning of April 2020, the Moscow mayor had an odd message, that it was wrong to pay everyone, because “the budgets have cracks” and even the healthcare system could not be provided for (https://www.rbc.ru/society/03/04/2020/5e874f352ae596dd7c9fe4ae (accessed March 23, 2021).
- 13.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 21, 2007, no. 304 (as amended on December 20, 2019), On the Classification of Natural and Man-Made Emergencies.
- 14.
In the section, quantitative values are given according to official data presented on coronavirusstat.ru
- 15.
“An emergency situation is a situation in a certain territory that has developed as a result of an accident, a dangerous natural phenomenon, a catastrophe, spread of disease posing a danger to others, a natural or other disaster that may or has resulted in loss of life, damage to human health or the environment, significant material loss, and violation of people’s living conditions” (68-FZ as amended on April 1, 2020, Article 1).
- 16.
http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/63061 (accessed March 23, 2021).
- 17.
http://prezident.org/tekst/stenogramma-obraschenija-putina-k-grazhdanam-rossii-02-04-2020.html (accessed March 23, 2021).
- 18.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 2, 2020, no. 239, On Measures to Ensure the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population in the Territory of the Russian Federation in Relation to the Spread of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19).
- 19.
Conversely, in Germany, e.g., Angela Merkel stated that if the states do not take necessary restrictive measures, then they can be adopted by federal law (Merkel fordert härteren Kurs der Länder. https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/innenpolitik/merkel-annewill-corona-101.html (accessed March 28, 2021)).
- 20.
An enterprise whose products or services are important for the vital activity of a particular territory or functioning of a particular industry or socioeconomic system of a region.
- 21.
- 22.
According to Sobyanin at this meeting, “to close industrial plants, construction plants, construction industry, metalworking, and the production of building materials…would be improper.”
- 23.
The Governor of Moscow oblast also addressed this at the meeting.
- 24.
A significant problem that arises in analyzing tax revenues by branches of material production and transport is tax refunds complexly “smeared” throughout the year, primarily VAT and excise. As a result, the amount of actually collected taxes decreases, which significantly reduces the accuracy of assessing economic activity for a given period. However, data for the tertiary sector, with the exception of transport, are least affected by this drawback.
- 25.
The hours worked by the main personnel at medium and large enterprises are taken into account.
- 26.
SMEs include legal entities with no more than 250 employees and sole proprietorships officially registered and listed in the SME registry.
- 27.
For example, a prerequisite for subsidizing wages in April–May 2020 at the minimum wage level was to maintain 90% of the number of employed in March. Repeated provision of such support in October–November was discussed in the Federation Council Committee on Economic Policy.
- 28.
- 29.
- 30.
- 31.
- 32.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 25, 2020, no. 206, On Declaration of Nonworking Days in the Russian Federation; Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 2, 2020, no. 239, On Measures to Ensure the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-being of the Population in the Russian Federation in Relation to the Spread of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19), and Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 28, 2020, no. 294, On the Extension of Measures to Ensure the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-being of the Population in the Russian Federation in Relation to the Spread of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19).
- 33.
A generalized summary of federal support measures for 2020 and plans for 2021 is contained in the National Action Plan to Ensure the Restoration of Employment and Household Incomes, Economic Growth, and Long-Term Structural Changes in the Economy (approved by the Government of the Russian Federation on September 23, 2020, Protocol no. 36, section VII) (No. П13-60855 dated October 2, 2020).
- 34.
According to a special federal list approved by the RF Government Decree of April 3, 2020, no. 434, On Approval of the List of Sectors of the Russian Economy Most Affected by Exacerbation of the Situation as a Result of the Spreading of New Coronavirus Infection (with amendments and additions).
- 35.
“This will be a very sad year.” The demographer calculated the real mortality rates from coronavirus in Russia. https://www.fontanka.ru/2020/11/15/69547148/ (accessed January 16, 2021).
- 36.
Calculated by the author based on data from the Official Internet Resource for Informing the Population on the Coronavirus (COVID-19). https://stopkoronavirus.rf/information (accessed January 7, 2021). Hereinafter, we used data for the periods available at the time of the study.
- 37.
https://stopkoronavirus.rf/information (accessed January 7, 2021).
- 38.
Calculated by the author based on Rosstat data. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/LmfEjEzy/edn10-2020.htm (accessed March 15, 2021).
- 39.
Calculated by the author based on: https://stopkoronavirus.rf/information (accessed January 7, 2021).
- 40.
Calculated by the author based on Information for Countering the COVID-19 Epidemic in St. Petersburg as of December 28, 2020, including the results of the 52nd week. https://www.gov.spb.ru/press/government/204362/ (accessed January 7, 2021).
- 41.
Petersburg stated the conditions for compulsory hospitalization of patients with coronavirus, Petersburg Journal, 2020, December 16. https://spbdnevnik.ru/news/2020-12-16/v-peterburge-nazvali-usloviya-dlya-obyazatelnoy-gospitalizatsii-bolnyh-koronavirusom (accessed December 20, 2020).
- 42.
The first case of coronavirus was recorded in St. Petersburg. https://www.rbc.ru/spb_sz/05/03/2020/5e60c5df9a79472cf2d08846 (accessed December 20, 2020).
- 43.
The WHO has announced the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.euro.who.int/ru/health-topics/health-emergencies /coronavirus-COVID-19/news/news/2020/3/who-announces-COVID-19-outbreak-a-pandemic (accessed December 20, 2020).
- 44.
On Measures to Counter the Spread of New Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in St. Petersburg: Resolution of the Government of St. Petersburg, no. 121 of March 13, 2020. https://www.gov.spb.ru/law/d?nd=564437085 (accessed December 20, 2020).
- 45.
Hereinafter, budgetary reporting based on Federal Treasury data is used: Consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and budgets of state extra-budgetary funds. https://roskazna.gov.ru/ispolnenie-byudzhetov/konsolidirovannyj-byudzhet (accessed December 20, 2020).
- 46.
RUB 63.97 per dollar at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as of November 27, 2019; the amplitude of exchange rate fluctuations in 2020 was about 33% (from RUB 60.95 on January 14, 2020, to RUB 80.88 on March 24, 2020). As of December 31, 2020, the exchange rate was fixed at RUB 73.88 to the dollar.
- 47.
On the forecast of socioeconomic development of St. Petersburg for the period up to 2035: Resolution of the Government of St. Petersburg, no. 90, of February 14, 2017 (amended as of January 20, 2020). http://docs.cntd.ru/document/456043899 (accessed December 20, 2020).
- 48.
Ratio of Planned Expenditures as of January 1, 2021.
- 49.
On the Terms of Submission of Monthly and Quarterly Consolidated Budgetary and Financial Statements: Order of the St. Petersburg Finance Committee, no. 97-r of December 17, 2019. http://docs.cntd.ru/document/564066492 (accessed December 20, 2020).
- 50.
Letter of the St. Petersburg Finance Committee, ref. no. 03-39-27503/20-0-1 of December 11, 2020.
- 51.
Consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and budgets of state extra-budgetary funds. https://roskazna.gov.ru/ispolnenie-byudzhetov/konsolidirovannyj-byudzhet (accessed April 20, 2021).
- 52.
Local budget expenditures were approved based on a unified classification, from which, due to lack of authority, the items “National Defense,” “Healthcare,” and “Interbudgetary Transfers” were excluded.
- 53.
An initiative group of professors of the Russian Academy of Sciences Department of Social Sciences held a round table discussion on “Russian Society and Global Challenges.” http://www.ras.ru/news/shownews.aspx?id=e1fb719e-05ff-473f-9ac7-1adbd6afa99d#content (accessed March 23, 2021).
References
Auzan A (2020) The crisis knocks the entire economy into the future. Ogonyok 14:1. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4316365. Accessed 10 Dec 2020
Bartik A, Bertrand M, Lin F, Rothstein J, Unrath M (2020) Measuring the labor market at the onset of the COVID-19 crisis (August 3, 2020). University of Chicago, Becker Friedman Institute for Economics Working Paper No. 2020-83. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3633053. Accessed 15 Dec 2020
Baunov A (2020) Revision of borders. What will be the international relations after the pandemic, Carnegie Moscow Center. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81714. Accessed 2 Apr 2021
Bernstein J, Richter AW, Throckmorton NA (2020) COVID-19: a view from the labor market. FRB of Dallas Working Paper No. 2010. https://doi.org/10.24149/wp2010
Bradley J, Ruggieri A, Spencer A (2020) Twin peaks: Covid-19 and the labor market. Centre for Finance, Credit and Macroeconomics Working Paper 20/06. https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/cfcm/documents/papers/2020/cfcm-2020-06.pdf. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Burns WJ (2020) A make-or-break test for American diplomacy. The Atlantic, April 6. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/a-make-or-break-test-for-american-diplomacy/609514/. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Chiuffo FM (2020) COVID-19 and labour law: Argentina. Ital Labour Law E-J 13(1S). https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1561-8048/10953
Differentsiatsiya regionov po zhestkosti ogranichitel’nykh mer v usloviyakh pandemii (Differentiation of regions by severity of restrictive measures during the pandemic) (2020) The Institute for Urban Economics https://urbaneconomics.ru/centr-obshchestvennyh-svyazey/news/differenciaciya-regionov-po-zhestkosti-ogranichitelnyh-mer-v. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Drapkina OM, Samorodskaya IV, Sivtseva MG, Kakorina EP, Briko NI, Cherkasov SN, Zinserling VA, Malkov PG (2020) COVID-19: urgent questions for estimating morbidity, prevalence, case fatality rate and mortality rate. Cardiovasc Ther Prev 19(3):2585. https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2020-2585
Ehrenberg JP, Utzinger J, Fontes G, Mauricio da Rocha EM, Nieves Ehrenberg N, Zhou X-N, Steinmann P (2021) Efforts to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: potential entry points for neglected tropical diseases. Infect Dis Poverty 10(1):2. https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40249-020-00790-4
Frenken K, Van Oort F, Verbung T (2007) Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Reg Stud 41(5):685–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120296
Frey CB, Presidente G, Chen C (2020) Democracy, culture, and contagion: political regimes and countries responsiveness to Covid-19. https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/Democracy-Culture-and-Contagion_May13.pdf. Accessed 22 Dec 2020)
Gaglione C, Purificato I, Rymkevich OP (2020) COVID-19 and labour law: Italy. Ital Labour Law e-J 13(1S)
Gimpelson V, Kapelyushnikov R, Roshchina S (eds) (2017) Rossiiskii rynok truda: tendentsii, instituty, strukturnye izmeneniya (Russian labor market: trends, institutions, structural changes). Report by the Center for Labor Research and the Labor Market Research Laboratory of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. Moscow. https://lirt.hse.ru/data/2017/03/21/1170068107/Doklad_trud.pdf. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Gopinath G (2020) A long, uneven and uncertain ascent. International Monetary Fund. https://blogs.imf.org/2020/10/13/a-long-uneven-and-uncertain-ascent/. Accessed 15 Jan 2021
Gorodnichenko Y, Roland G (2017) Culture, institutions, and the wealth of nations. Rev Econ Stat 99(3):402–416. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00599
Grant A (2020) Dynamics of COVID-19 epidemics: SEIR models underestimate peak infection rates and overestimate epidemic duration. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.02.20050674v2.full.pdf. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.20050674. Accessed 15 Jan 2021
Hale, T., Phillips, T., Petherick, A., Kira, B., Angrist, N., Aymar, K., et al. (2020) Risk of openness index: when do government responses need to be increased or maintained. https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/publications/risk-openness-index-when-do-government-responses-need-be-increased-or. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Hale T, Angrist N, Goldszmidt R, Kira B, Petherick A, Phillips T, Webster S, Cameron-Blake E, Hallas L, Majumdar S, Tatlow H (2021) A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker). Nat Hum Behav. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8
Hendrickx F, Taes S, Wouters M (2020) Covid-19 and labour law in Belgium. Eur Labour Law J 11(3):276–285
ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work, 6th edn. Updated estimates and analysis (2020a). https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/%2D%2D-dgreports/%2D%2D-dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_755910.pdf. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
ILO Monitor: COVID-19 and the world of work, 3rd edn. Updated estimates and analysis (2020b). https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/%2D%2D-dgreports/%2D%2D-dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms_743146.pdf. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Ivanov V, Svinova E (2020) Viral challenges: what the year 2020 has become for the world economy. Russia Today. https://russian.rt.com/business/article/816217-mirovaya-ekonomika-itogi-2020. Accessed 10 Dec 2020
Kucharski AJ, Russell TW, Diamond C, Liu Y, Edmunds J, Funk S, Eggo RM (2020) Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis 20(5):553–558
Kuznetsova OV (2020) Economic relations of the center and regions in the conditions of coronavirus. Socio-economic geography. Vestnik Assotsiatssii rossijskikh geografov-obshchestvovedov 9:144–147
Leiva-Leon D, Perez-Quiros G, Rots E (2020) Real-time weakness of the global economy: a first assessment of the coronavirus crisis. SSRN Electron J. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3617695
Lewandowski P (2020) Occupational exposure to contagion and the spread of Covid-19 in Europe. IZA Discussion Paper No. 13227. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3596694. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Lifshits ML (2020) COVID-19 mortality rate in Russian regions: forecasts and reality. R-Economy 6(3):171–182
Mahajan V, Muller E, Wind Y (eds) (2000) New-product diffusion models, vol 11. Springer, Berlin
Mangan D (2020) Covid-19 and labour law in the United Kingdom. Eur Labour Law J 11(3):332–346
Maslennikov NI (2020) World economy: to the agenda of the “long” recovery. Nauchnye trudy Vol'nogo ekonomicheskogo obshchestva Rossii 225:239–263
Maurizio R, Bertranou F (2020) The labor market in Latin America at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts, responses and perspectives. Gac Méd Caracas 128(Supl 2):S156–S171. https://doi.org/10.47307/GMC.2020.128.s2.4
McCann P, Ortega-Argilés R (2013) Smart specialization, regional growth and applications to European Union cohesion policy. Reg Stud 49(8):291–1302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.799769
Milanovic B (2020) Impatience: a deep cause of western failure in handling the pandemic? https://globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/15/12/2020/impatience-deep-cause-western-failure-handling-pandemic. Accessed 10 Dec 2020
Monitoring ekonomicheskoj situatsii v Rossii: tendentcii i vyzovy sotcial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya (Monitoring the economic situation in Russia: trends and challenges of socio-economic development) (2020) Gaidar Institute and RANEPA, No. 28 (130). https://www.iep.ru/ru/publikatcii/publication/monitoring-ekonomicheskoy-situatsii-v-rossii-28-130-noyabr-2020-g.html. Accessed 10 Jan 2021
Nestik TA, Zadorin IV (2020) The attitude of Russians to global risks: socio-demographic and psychological factors of threat perception. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny 5:4–28. https://doi.org/10.14515/monitoring.2020.5.1700
Obshchestvo i pandemiya: opyt i uroki bor’by s COVID-19 v Rossii (Society and the pandemic: experience and lessons from the fight against COVID-19 in Russia) (2020) Moscow. https://www.ranepa.ru/pdf/images/News/2020-10/COVID.pdf.html
Pilnikova IF, Gorbunova OS, Krokhalev AA, Pilnikov LN (2020) Consequences of the coronovirus pandemic for the country's economy. Obrazovanie i Pravo 8:182–187
Rejting regionov po effektivnosti mer po protivodejstviyu rasprostraneniyu koronavirusnoj infektsii (Rating of regions on the effectiveness of measures to counteract the spread of coronavirus infection) (2020) EISI, Moscow. http://eisr.ru/upload/iblock/a8a/a8ab488656affc7a94f2bc58a73d707f.pdf. Accessed 15 Jan 2021
Repucci S (2020) A leaderless struggle for democracy. Freedom in the World, Washington, DC, p 4. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedomworld/2020/leaderless-struggle-democracy
Responding to the economic and business impacts of COVID-19. Latest Insights (2020) The Economist Intelligence Unit. https://www.eiu.com/n/novel-coronavirus-outbreak
Safronov SG, Zotova MV (2021) Tertiarization of the economy in Russian regions: deindustrialization or Postindustrialization? Reg Res Russ 11(3):294–307. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970521030114
Sagan A, Schüller C (2020) Covid-19 and labour law in Germany. Eur Labour Law J 11(3):292–297
Schmemann S (2020) The virus comes for democracy strongmen think they know the cure for Covid-19. Are they right? New York Times, April 2
Vymyatnina Yu (2020) Economy after the pandemic: winners and losers. https://paperpaper.ru/kak-pandemiya-povliyala-na-ekonomiku-i-k. Accessed 10 Dec 2020
WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 (2020) World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19%2D%2D-11-march-2020. Accessed 15 Jan 2021
Wu JT, Leung K, Leung GM (2020) Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study. Lancet Infect. Dis 395(10225):689–697
Youngs R, Panchulidze E (2020) Global democracy and COVID-19: upgrading international support. BLG, Brussels. https://carnegieeurope.eu/2020/07/14/global-democracy-and-covid-19-upgrading-international-support-pub-82297
Zemtsov S, Baburin V (2020) COVID-19: spatial dynamics and diffusion factors across Russian regions. Reg Res Russ 10(3):273–290. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520030156
Zhestkost’ ogranichenii ekonomicheskoi deyatel’nosti: est’ li svyaz’ s sostoyaniem ekonomiki? (The severity of restrictions on economic activity: is there a connection with the state of the economy?) (2020) The Institute for Urban Economics. http://www.urbaneconomics.ru/centr-obshchestvennyh-svyazey/news/institut-ekonomiki-goroda-podgotovil-eksklyuzivnyy-material. Accessed 6 Apr 2021
Zubarevich NV (2021) Possibility of decentralization in the COVID-19 year: what budget analysis shows? Reg Res Russ 11(3):285–293. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970521030138
Zubarevich NV, Safronov SG (2020) Russian regions in the acute phase of the coronavirus crisis: differences from previous economic crises of the 2000s. Reg Res Russ 10(4):443–453. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079970520040115
Acknowledgments
The chapter was prepared under the state task of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences “Problems and Prospects of Russia’s Territorial Development under Conditions of Its Unevenness and Global Instability,” no. AA-A19-119022190170-1 (FMGE-2019-0008), by O. Glezer, E. Antonov, A. Sheludkov, and M. Zotova, and the state budgetary research topic of the Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University “Modern Dynamics and Factors of Socioeconomic Development of Regions and Cities of Russia and Countries of the Near Abroad,” no. 1.17, by S. Safronov.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Glezer, O., Antonov, E., Safronov, S., Sheludkov, A., Strakhov, K., Zotova, M. (2022). The Role of Regional and Local Governance in Dealing with the Socioeconomic Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia. In: Nunes Silva, C. (eds) Local Government and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Local and Urban Governance. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91112-6_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91112-6_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-91111-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-91112-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)