Abstract
Input energy accumulates at a specific rate, and viscous damping dissipates the accumulated input energy at a slower pace. The difference between the two energy time histories at a time t is the vibration energy Ev(t), which is the sum of kinetic and potential energies at time t. Maximum displacement occurs shortly after Ev attains its maximum value during the following cycle when potential energy is maximum and kinetic energy is zero. An efficient damping produces lower Ev, accordingly lower maximum displacement. We choose to define the damping efficiency as the ratio of dissipated energy ED to input energy EI at the time tmax when Ev(t) attains its maximum value for a SDOF system with period T. The influence of earthquake magnitude, fault distance, soil type and fault type on damping efficiency are assessed here under a large set of earthquake ground motions that represent the distribution of such characteristics effectively. A large set of free-field strong motion records are selected from the NGA database. Damping ratio, soil class, distance to epicenter (Repi), moment magnitude (Mw), and fault mechanism are selected as the basic parameters in order to characterize source and site properties of ground motions. Based on the employed GM database, it has been found that damping efficiency is affected most by the earthquake magnitude, soil type, and expectedly by the damping ratio.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nurtuğ, A., Sucuoğlu, H.: Prediction of seismic energy dissipation in SDOF systems. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 24, 1215–1223 (1995)
Alıcı, F.S., Sucuoğlu, H.: Elastic and inelastic near-fault input energy spectra. Earthq. Spectra 34, 611–637 (2018)
Newmark, N.M., Hall, W.J.: Earthquake Spectra and Design. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Berkeley, CA (1982)
Wu, J., Hanson, D.: Study of inelastic spectra with high damping. J. Struct. Eng. 115(6), 1412–1431 (1989)
Idriss, I.M.: Procedures for selecting earthquake ground motions at rock sites. A report to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, University of California (1993)
Tolis, S.V., Faccioli, E.: Displacement design spectra. J. Earthq. Eng. 3(1), 107–125 (1999)
Bommer, J.J., Elnashai, A.S., Weir, A.G.: Compatible acceleration and displacement spectra for seismic design codes. In: 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand (2000)
Naeim, F., Kircher, C.A.: On the damping adjustment factors for earthquake response spectra. Struct. Des. Tall Build. 10, 361–369 (2001)
Ramirez, O.M., Constantinou, M.C., Kircher, C.A., Whittaker, A.S., Jhonson, M.W., Gomez, J.D.: Development and evaluation of simplified procedures for analysis and design of buildings with passive energy dissipation systems. Technical Report MCEER-00-0010. Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY (2000)
Ramirez, O.M., Constantinou, M.C., Whittaker, A.S., Kircher, C.A., Chrysostomou, C.Z.: Elastic and inelastic seismic response of buildings with damping systems. Earthq. Spectra 18(3), 531–547 (2002)
Malhotra, P.K.: Smooth spectra of horizontal and vertical ground motions. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 96(2), 506–518 (2006)
Lin, Y.Y.: Statistical study on damping modification factors adopted in Taiwan’s seismic isolation design code by using the 21 September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan. Eng. Struct. 29, 682–693 (2007)
Lin, Y.Y., Chang, K.C.: Effects of site classes on damping reduction factors. J. Struct. Eng. 130(11), 1667–1675 (2004)
Hatzigeorgiou, G.D.: Damping modification factors for SDOF systems subjected to near-fault, far-fault and artificial earthquakes. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 39, 1239–1258 (2010)
Castillo, T., Ruiz, S.E.: Reduction factors for seismic design spectra for structures with viscous energy dampers. J. Earthq. Eng. 18, 232–349 (2014)
Palermo, M., Silvestri, S., Trombetti, T.: Stochastic-based damping reduction factors. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 80, 168–176 (2016)
Stafford, P.J., Mendis, R., Bommer, J.J.: Dependence of damping correction factors for response spectra on duration and numbers of cycles. J. Struct. Eng. 134(8), 1364–1373 (2008)
Zhou, J., Tang, K., Wang, H., Fang, X.: Influence of ground motion duration on damping reduction factor. J. Earthq. Eng. 18, 816–830 (2014)
Hubbard, D.T., Mavroeidis, G.P.: Damping coefficients for near-fault ground motion response spectra. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 31, 401–417 (2010)
Lin, Y.Y., Chang, K.C.: Study on damping reduction factor for buildings under earthquake ground motions. J. Struct. Eng. 129(2), 206–214 (2003)
Bommer, J.J., Mendis, R.: Scaling of spectral displacement ordinates with damping ratios. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 34, 145–165 (2005)
Lin, Y.Y., Miranda, E., Chang, K.C.: Evaluation of damping reduction factors for estimating elastic response of structures with high damping. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 34, 1427–1443 (2005)
Cameron, W.I., Green, R.A.: Damping correction factors for horizontal ground-motion response spectra. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 97(3), 934–960 (2007)
Cardone, D., Dolce, M., Rivelli, M.: Evaluation of reduction factors for high-damping design response spectra. Bull. Earthq. Eng. 7, 273–291 (2009)
Hao, A., Zhou, D., Li, Y., Zhang, H.: Effects of moment magnitude, site conditions and closest distance on damping modification factors. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 31, 1232–1247 (2011)
Rezaeian, S., Bozorgnia, Y., Idriss, I.M., Abrahamson, N., Campbell, K., Silva, W.: Damping scaling of response spectra for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions. In: 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal (2012)
Rezaeian, S., Bozorgnia, Y., Idriss, I.M., Abrahamson, N., Campbell, K., Silva, W.: Damping scaling factors for elastic response spectra for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regions: “average” horizontal component. Earthq. Spectra 30(2), 939–963 (2014)
Akkar, S., Sandıkkaya, M.A., Ay, B.Ö.: Compatible ground-motion prediction equations for damping scaling factors and vertical-to-horizontal spectral amplitude ratios for the broader Europe region. Bull. Earthq. Eng. 12, 517–547 (2014)
Mollaioli, F., Liberatore, L., Lucchini, A.: Displacement damping modification factors for pulse-like and ordinary records. Eng. Struct. 78, 17–27 (2014)
Daneshvar, P., Bouaanani, N., Goda, K., Atkinson, G.M.: Damping reduction factors for crustal, inslab, and interface earthquakes characterizing seismic hazard in Southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Earthq. Spectra 32(1), 45–74 (2016)
Kong, C., Kowalsky, M.J.: Impact of damping scaling factors on direct displacement-based design. Earthq. Spectra 32(2), 843–859 (2016)
Sucuoğlu, H., Alıcı, F.S.: Damping spectra for estimating inelastic deformations from modal response spectrum analysis. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 50, 436–454 (2021)
Pacific Earthquake Engineering Center (PEER): Guidelines for performance-based seismic design of tall buildings. PEER Report No. 2017/05. Berkeley, California (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Alıcı, F.S., Sucuoğlu, H. (2021). Efficiency of Viscous Damping in Seismic Energy Dissipation and Response Reduction. In: Benavent-Climent, A., Mollaioli, F. (eds) Energy-Based Seismic Engineering. IWEBSE 2021. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 155. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73932-4_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73932-4_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73931-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73932-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)