Abstract
The vehicular industry is evolving towards unmanned and connected vehicles that offer numerous benefits such as traffic congestion control and improved road safety. Lately, a considerable progress has been made in the radio access technologies for vehicular communication, including Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies. An extensive set of related pilot use-cases have been developed, each pilot use-case with its particular requirement. In this chapter, we have developed and analyzed set of pilot use-cases for the vehicular environment (V2V & V2I) that involves exchanging road weather information between vehicles considering transport layer protocols, TCP and UDP. Here, we have focused on the Internet Protocol (IP) layer that contains the information including prefix and IP address of an external network interface for the internetworking between vehicles and infrastructure. In VANET’s, TCP is generally not employed, which leaves UDP as the only viable substitute within the standard IP stack. Pilot measurements have been performed on a test track in Sodankylä, Finland, owned by the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). Both IEEE-802.11p and cellular 5G test network have been used for this performance analysis considering TCP and UDP. The performance of IEEE-802.11p and 5G technology is highly dependent on the distance and defined parameter settings. In this performance evaluation, the network layer protocols (TCP/UDP) were majorly analyzed by considering throughput, data rate, packet loss, and network latency. In our comparison, results indicated that UDP performs better than TCP at the cost of low network reliability with less latency. With a less queuing delay but high bit packet loss percentage (%), and in contrast to TCP, UDP performance was better to exchange real-time road weather data in V2V and V2I scenarios. These pilot use-cases provide us a deep insight into the network performance of intelligent traffic infrastructure exchanging road weather data. The performance evaluation in this chapter would help to improve the vehicular networking with increased Intelligent Transport System (ITS) efficiency.
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Acknowledgment
Here, I would like to say a special thanks to Timo Sukuvaara and Kari Mäenpää from Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). I am grateful to them that I have had the pleasure to work during the development and execution of measurement scenarios. They also provided technical assistance and guidance during the whole research period.
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Tahir, M.N., Katz, M. (2021). ITS Performance Evaluation in Direct Short-Range Communication (IEEE 802.11p) and Cellular Network (5G) (TCP vs UDP). In: Hamid, U.Z.A., Al-Turjman, F. (eds) Towards Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Highways. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66042-0_10
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