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A Geological History for the Alboran Sea Region

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Alboran Sea - Ecosystems and Marine Resources

Abstract

The Alboran Basin is a Neogene-Quaternary extensional basin located within the Betic-Rif alpine cordillera. The region where the current basin is located holds great oceanographic relevance, as it lies in the area of connection between the western (Atlantic Ocean basin) and eastern seas (ocean basins of the Ligurian Tethys and then Western Mediterranean Sea) of Iberia. The extensional collapse of the Eocene Alpine orogen led to the crustal thinning and formation of the Western Mediterranean basin and the splitting of lithospheric fragments, the Alboran Domain among them, along its margins. The N-S convergence of the African and Eurasian plates, together with the westward escape of the Alboran Domain and its extensional tectonics in the back-arc region linked to the retreat of a subduction zone northwestward has determined the basin’s formation and evolution since the upper Oligocene to Tortonian times. The stretching of the continental crust produced its configuration, creating several sub-basins and tectonic highs, and was accompanied by an important magmatic phase that peaked in the middle-late Miocene. The direction of African-Eurasian convergence evolved to NW-SE in the late Tortonian and is presently WNW-ESE, producing an inversion of the basin in its interior, with the uplift of main reliefs (e.g., the Alboran Ridge), and a progressive elevation of adjacent mountain ranges in southern Iberia (Betic) and northern Africa (Rif), substantially reducing the basin’s width. During this phase, convergence is resolved with an indentation tectonic model in the central Alboran Sea; and to accommodate this deformation, two conjugated sets of dextral WNW-ESE and sinistral NE-SW to NNE-SSW faults are generated. The sedimentary infill of the Alboran Basin consists of unconformable Miocene to Quaternary deposits controlled by the tectonic deformation and paleoceanography. Two important events marked the sedimentary evolution: Messinian desiccation and the opening of the Strait of Gibraltar.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Spanish projects INCRISIS, DAMAGE (CGL2016-80687-R AEI/FEDER), FAUCES (CTM2015-65461-C2-1-R), RIGEL (Instituto Español de Oceanografía), RNM 148 and RNM 328 groups of Junta de Andalucía (PAIDI). Likewise, this study was supported by the French program Actions Marges, the french Marlboro cruise, and the EUROFLEETS program-SARAS cruise (FP7/2007-2013; 228344). The Secretaria General de Pesca (Spain) yielded the bathymetric data from the northern part of the Alboran Sea. The IHS-Kingdom Geoscience educational license is also acknowledged.

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  1. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain

    Juan-Tomás Vázquez & Desirée Palomino

  2. Instituto de Ciencies del Mar, ICM-CSIC, GMC, Barcelona, Spain

    Gemma Ercilla, Ferran Estrada, Carmen Juan & Belén Alonso

  3. Geophysics Department, Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy, San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain

    Manuel Catalán

  4. Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre Paris, ISTeP UMR 7193, Paris, France

    Damien Do Couto, Elia d’Acremont & Christian Gorini

  5. Departamento de Geodinámica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

    Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar & Carlos Sanz de Galdeano

  6. Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC, Armilla, Spain

    Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar & Carlos Sanz de Galdeano

  7. Departamento de Geodinámica, Estratrigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain

    Ramón Vegas

  8. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V-Agdal University, Rabat-Agdal, Morocco

    Ahmed Chalouan & Abdellah Ammar

  9. Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco

    Omar Azzouz

  10. Faculty of Sciences, Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Tetouan, Morocco

    Mohamed Benmakhlouf

  11. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Maryland College Park, Greenbelt, MD, USA

    Yasmina Martos

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Correspondence to Juan-Tomás Vázquez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain

    José Carlos Báez

  2. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Fuengirola (Málaga), Spain

    Juan-Tomás Vázquez

  3. Asociación Herpetológica Española, Madrid, Spain

    Juan Antonio Camiñas

  4. Institut National de Recherche Halieutique, Casablanca, Morocco

    Mohammed Malouli Idrissi

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Vázquez, JT. et al. (2021). A Geological History for the Alboran Sea Region. In: Báez, J.C., Vázquez, JT., Camiñas, J.A., Malouli Idrissi, M. (eds) Alboran Sea - Ecosystems and Marine Resources . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65516-7_5

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