Skip to main content

Human Error in Information Security: Exploring the Role of Interruptions and Multitasking in Action Slips

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
HCI International 2020 - Posters (HCII 2020)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1226))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 2351 Accesses

Abstract

Breaches of cyber-security often arise unintentionally from the human user such as when switching between subtasks or external interruptions, disrupting the flow of work and leading to action slips in the execution of a task procedure [1, 2]. There has been little research into the perceived effects of task interruption and switching on computer-based tasks when such action slips can potentially compromise information security. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on nine university employees who regularly handle sensitive information, designed to identify which features of information-sensitive computer-based tasks are the most susceptible to disruption. Potential sources of human error in were identified with task interruption judged to be more likely than multitasking as a source of error. The interview findings will serve as the basis of experimental investigations into how disruptions in the flow of a task procedure can cause action slips that may compromise the handling of sensitive data. Well-informed empirical work in the area of Cyberpsychology is critical to understanding the processes involved, and to guiding potential solutions rooted in human-machine interface design and human computer interaction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Altmann, E.M., Trafton, J.G., Hambrick, D.Z.: Momentary interruptions can derail the train of thought. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 143, 215–226 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li, S.Y.W., Blandford, A., Cairns, P., Young, R.M.: The effect of interruptions on postcompletion and other procedural errors: An account based on the activation-based goal memory model. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 14, 314–328 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Nobles, C.: Botching human factors in cybersecurity in business organizations. HOLISTICA–J. Bus. Public Adm. 9(3), 71–88 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kraemer, S., Carayon, P.: Human errors and violations in computer and information security: the viewpoint of network administrators and security specialists. Appl. Ergon. 38, 143–154 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Reason, J.: Human Error. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1990)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Liginlal, D., Sim, I. Khansa, L., Fearn, P.: Human error and privacy breaches in healthcare organizations: causes and management strategies. In: AMCIS Proceedings. Paper 406 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rogers, R.D., Monsell, S.: Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 124, 207–231 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Pashler, H.: Attentional limitations in doing two tasks at the same time. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 1, 44–48 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hodgetts, H.M., Jones, D.M.: Contextual cues aid recovery from interruption: the role of associative activation. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 35, 1120–1132 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Hodgetts, H.M., Jones, D.M.: Interruption of the tower of London task: support for a goal activation approach. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 135, 103–115 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Monk, C., Trafton, J.G., Boehm-Davis, D.A.: The effect of interruption duration and demand on resuming suspended goals. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 14, 299–313 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Morgan, P.L., Patrick, J., Waldron, S., King, S., Patrick, T.: Improving memory after interruption: exploiting soft constraints and manipulating information access cost. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 15, 291–306 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Morgan, P., Patrick, J.: Paying the price works: Increasing goal-state access cost improves problem solving and mitigates the effect of interruption. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 66, 160–178 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Morgan, P., Patrick, J., Tiley, L.: Improving the effectiveness of an interruption lag by inducing a memory-based strategy. Acta Physiol. (Oxf) 142, 87–96 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Altmann, E.M., Trafton, J.G.: Memory for goals: An activation-based model. Cogn. Sci. 26, 39–83 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang, H., Singh, S., Li, X., Dahbura, A., Xie, M.: Multitasking and monetary incentive in a realistic phishing study. In: Proceedings of British HCI. BCS Learning and Development Ltd, Belfast, UK (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Liu, Q., McLaughlin, A.C., Watson, B., Enck, W., Davis, A.: Multitasking increases stress and insecure behavior on mobile devices. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59th Annual Meeting, pp. 1110–1114 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Braun, V., Clark, V.: Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3, 77–101 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the UK National Cyber Security Centre.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Phillip L. Morgan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Williams, C. et al. (2020). Human Error in Information Security: Exploring the Role of Interruptions and Multitasking in Action Slips. In: Stephanidis, C., Antona, M. (eds) HCI International 2020 - Posters. HCII 2020. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50732-9_80

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50732-9_80

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50731-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-50732-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics