Abstract
This chapter goes into depth on some theoretical and operational issues aimed at overcoming the inherited functionalist and modernist approach in spatial planning practice and research, mainly in the field of territorial representation methods. The critical operational shift proposed draws on the recovery of the concept of “territorial heritage” conceived as a long-lasting, “living place” endowment and on its role which underpins proactive planning and design practices for food supply fitting the bioregional approach. In this framework, the “territorial heritage” category turns out to best fit the increasing call for the recovery of morphological sociospatial patterns as pivotal tools for representing the long-lasting process of territorialisation in a historical manner. Moreover, this representation is not conceived as a mere technical activity, but as a shared communicative process aimed at involving inhabitants and at recovering a sense of self-awareness regarding food supply as well as a sense of belonging to a place. The chapter provides a new operational model of patrimonial representation of territories by describing some mapping practices and results as innovative tools aimed at supporting and reframing, in a bioregional sense, regional planning and design, starting from the analysis stage to end with the definition of design scenarios.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
On the relationship of great transformations within ecology and environment, I find the little book by Carlo M. Cipolla of a still unrivalled lightness, depth and neatness.
- 2.
In order not to burden the text, original quotations in other languages have been directly translated into English; therefore, they may not match published English versions in location and content.
- 3.
See <http://www.societadeiterritorialisti.it> (01/19). The Society also promotes the international journal Scienze del Territorio / Territorial Sciences (see <http://www.fupress.net/index.php/SdT-01/19), delivering a monographic issue about topics under discussion in it every year.
- 4.
The term lifeworld refers to the German original lebenswelt concept and related meaning as formulated – drawing on Husserl – by J. Habermas. The lifeword is a pre-analitical category; it is the framework of the communicative rationality and action, drawing on shared values, tradition, and contextual knowledge. It conveys a conflicting meaning with the systemic and instrumental – mainly economic focused – vision of societal interaction formulated, among other, by N. Luhmann (see Habermas 1984, vol II).
- 5.
For more on the TDR concept see also the chapter by Alberto Magnaghi in the first volume of this book.
- 6.
Structures, artefacts and building works are abandoned and lose their meaning. Consider, for example, the Roman construction of lowland territories, with their centuriations, their villages (pagi or vici) and their rustic villas. At the end of the process, such structures are abandoned, plains are flooded again, villages become depopulated and fall into ruin. The abandonment of the old arrangement with its structures, i.e. the deterritorialisation phase, opens a temporal space that allows a new logic to begin reconfiguring territories. The early medieval period would l reuse many residual structures giving them a different meaning: the centurial pattern remains in the design of streets and farms, some pagi turn into parishes, some villas into castles or fortified villages.
- 7.
The reflections mentioned here come from field research by the author.
- 8.
In some countries in the southern hemisphere, researchers are carrying out interesting experiments with digital tools aimed at democratising knowledge and at grassroots design (Pedrick 2016).
- 9.
On this point I disagree with Ola Söderström (2000, p. 71) when he states that the stabilisation of the city image as it was built in the Renaissance “is out of date thanks to the transformation opportunities given by information technology”. On the contrary, in my opinion, the very tendency to fluidity of places requires stable and shared images that can be used to find social agreements to be included in the planning process, which, in any case, requires the stable simulacra of reality as a basis for defining project actions.
- 10.
The project community participates in all stages of the process, from that of highlighting, giving a relevant cognitive contribution to the expert vision, up to that of acting, in which the ‘technical’ translation of the project must be understood and validated.
- 11.
Many invented traditions are also related to with the enhancement of territorial economies. The tradition of the fines herbes or herbes de Provence, with a standard dosage of herbs, is actually the product of the advertising imagery of Ducros that launched it in the 70s and has had enormous success and significant spin-offs (such as the mills to grind herbs that no native uses but that tourists find irresistible). Another French example, in the Monts d’Ardèche, the invented tradition of chestnut desserts helped revive the local economy.
- 12.
The term ‘figure’ is similar to ‘landscape unit’ but intends to accentuate the qualitative and morphological aspects that characterise it and underlie social perception and mental representability, aspects that Kevin Lynch synthesised in the term “figurability”.
- 13.
In Italy, Law 431/1985 already entrusted technical and scientific responsibilities in environmental governance to professionals such as geologists, geographers, agronomists, etc. (Gambino 1996), a choice taken up and improved in the construction of landscape plans (Law 42/2004) as tools for guiding all other sector policies. The shift of urban planning towards territorial government can be read as an institutional response to the need to reunite places through a dialogue between several disciplines.
- 14.
The maps of territorial and landscape heritage of the Tuscan Landscape Plan, whose production I managed, are synthetic maps created from long dialogues among scientists belonging to several disciplines. These meetings developed an attitude for mutual listening and the first draft of a common language through which it was possible to select and outline elements and patrimonial dynamics to report on the maps.
- 15.
As the name implies, Parish maps work on a large and very large scale, in order to recognise all those elements that are fundamental to quality of life (which could be a path, a tabernacle, a place where some particular event is said to have happened, etc.) but are often overlooked by technical design.
- 16.
See the eco-museums archive available at <http://www.mondilocali.it> (01/19).
References
AA.VV. (1993). Atlas du territoire genevois. Permanences et modifications cadastrales aux XIXe et XXe siècles. Genève: Service des monuments et sites.
Alexander, C., Ishikawa, S., & Silverstein, M. (1977). A pattern language. Towns, buildings, construction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Baldeschi, P. (2002). Dalla razionalità all’identità. La pianificazione territoriale in Italia. Firenze: Alinea.
Baratti, F. (2012). Ecomusei, paesaggi e comunità. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Becattini, G. (2009). Ritorno al territorio. Bologna: Il Mulino.
Becattini, G. (2015). La coscienza dei luoghi. Il territorio come soggetto corale. Roma: Donzelli.
Besse, J. M. (2000). Voir la terre. Actes Sud: Six essais sur le paysage et la géographie.
Bloch, M. (1973). I caratteri originali della storia rurale francese. Torino: Einaudi (Orig tit. Les caractères originaux de l’histoire rurale française, 1931; Eng. vers. French rural history: an essay on its basic characteristics, 1966).
Bocchi, S. (2015). Zolle. Storie di tuberi, graminacee e terre coltivate. Milano: Raffaello Cortina Editore.
Bonerandi, E. (2005). Le recours au patrimoine, modèle culturel pour le territoire? Géocarrefour 80(2), 2, 91–100.
Bonesio, L. (2007). Paesaggio, identità e comunità tra locale e globale. Reggio Emilia: Diabasis.
Carandini, A. (2017). La forza del contesto. Bari: Laterza.
Carta, M. & Lucchesi F. (2010). Un atlante partecipato per il Piano paesaggistico territoriale della Regione Puglia. Contesti. Città, territori, progetti 1/2010, 100–103.
Castells M. (1997). The power of identity. In The information age: Economy, society, and culture (Vol. 2). Oxford: Blackwell.
Cellamare, C. (2012). Progettualità dell’agire urbano. Processi e pratiche urbane. Carocci: Roma.
Cerdá, I. (1984). Teoria generale dell’urbanizzazione. Milano: Jaca Book. (Orig. tit. Teoría general de la urbanización, y aplicación de sus principios y doctrinas a la reforma y ensanche de Barcelona, 1867; Eng. vers. General theory of urbanization 1867, 2018).
Choay, F. (1995). L’allégorie du patrimoine. Paris: Seuil.
Cillo, B. (Ed.). (2008). Nuovi orizzonti del paesaggio. Firenze: Alinea.
Cinà, G. (2000). Descrizione fondativa e statuto dei luoghi. Nuovi fondamenti per il piano comunale. Firenze: Alinea.
Cipolla, C. M. (1962). Uomini, tecniche, economia. Milano: Feltrinelli.
Clifford, S., Maggi, M., & Murtas, D. (2006). Genius Loci. Perché, quando e come realizzare una mappa di comunità. Torino: IRES Piemonte.
Colavitti, A., Pazzagli, R., & Volpe, G. (Eds.) (2017). Storia del territorio, monographic issue (no. 5) of Scienze del Territorio.
Cosgrove, D. E. (1984). Social formation and symbolic language. London: Croom Helm Ltd..
Dai Prà, E., & Mastronunzio, M. (2017). La carta storica come laboratorio interdisciplinare: intersezioni metodologiche. In C. A. Gemignani (Ed.), Officina cartografica. Materiali di studio (pp. 233–245). Milano: Franco Angeli.
Davallon, J. (2006). Le don du patrimoine: une approche communicationnelle de la patrimonialisation. Paris: Hermès Science Publications.
De Sario, P. (2012). Professione facilitatore. Le competenze chiave del consulente alle riunioni di lavoro e ai forum partecipati. Franco Angeli: Milano.
Decandia, L. (2004). Anime di luoghi. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1980). Capitalisme et schizophrénie 2: mille plateaux. Paris: Editions de Minuit.
Dematteis, G. (1985). Le metafore della Terra. La geografia umana tra mito e scienza. Milano: Feltrinelli.
Dematteis, G. (1986). Nella testa di Giano. Riflessioni sulla geografia poetica. Urbanistica, 82, 100–107.
Dematteis, G., & Governa, F. (Eds.). (2005). Territorialità, sviluppo locale, sostenibilità: il modello SLoT. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Desplanques, H. (1975). Campagne umbre. Contributo allo studio dei paesaggi rurali in Italia centrale. Quaderni della Regione dell’Umbria, Perugia (orig. tit). Campagnes ombriennes. Contribution à l’étude des paysages ruraux en Italie centrale, 1969).
Ferraresi, G., Adobati, F., & Olivieri, A. (2004). Il progetto condiviso di territorio come matrice degli interventi infrastrutturali. A partire da una ricerca sulla ‘rete pedemontana lombarda. In G. Ferraresi, A. Moretti, & M. Facchinetti (Eds.), Reti, attori, territorio. Forme e politiche per progetti di infrastrutture (pp. 55–86). Milano: Franco Angeli.
Floridia, A. (2017). Un’idea deliberativa della democrazia. Genealogia e principi. Bologna: Il Mulino.
François, H., Hirczak, M., & Senil, N. (2006). Territoire et patrimoine: La co-construction d’une dynamique et de ses ressources. Revue d’Économie Régionale et Urbaine., 5, 683–700.
Gabellini, P. (1999). Il disegno urbanistico. Roma: Carocci. (first ed. 1996).
Gabellini, P. (2001). Tecniche urbanistiche. Roma: Carocci.
Gambi, L. (1973). Una geografia per la storia. Torino: Einaudi.
Gambino, R. (1996). Progetti per l’ambiente. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Geddes, P. (1915). Cities in evolution. An introduction to the town planning movement and to the study of civics. London: Williams & Norgate.
Gemignani, C. A. (2017). Officina cartografica: nodo di una rete in costruzione. In C. A. Gemignani (Ed.), Officina cartografica. Materiali di studio (pp. 9–16). Milano: Franco Angeli.
Gemignani, C. A., & Rossi, L. (2017). Fra visibile e invisibile: il paesaggio nelle fonti cartografico-storiche. Scienze del Territorio, 5, 207–217.
Giusti, M., & Magnaghi, A. (1994). L’approccio territorialista allo sviluppo sostenibile. Archivio di Studi Urbani e Regionali, 51, 45–73.
Gordon, C. V. (1925). The dawn of European civilization. London: Kegan Paul.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of the communicative action. (2 Vols. Boston: Beacon Press.
Halbwachs, M. (1950). La mémoire collective. Paris: PUF.
Hillman, J. (1998). Anima mundi: The return of the soul to the world. In J. Hillman (Ed.), The thought of the heart and the soul of the world (pp. 89–130). Dallas: Spring Publications. first ed. 1982.
Hobsbawm, E. J., & Ranger, T. (Eds.). (1983). The invention of tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jonas, H. (1985). The imperative of responsibility. In Search of an ethics for the technological age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (Orig. tit. Das Prinzip Verantwortung, 1979).
Landel, P. A., & Senil, N. (2009). Patrimoine et territoire, les nouvelles ressources du développement. Développement durable et territoires. Dossier 12. https://journals.openedition.org/developpementdurable/pdf/7563. Accessed January 20/20.
Landel, P. A. & Teillet, P. (2003). La place de la culture dans la recomposition des territoires. In Le cas des pays issus de la loi Voynet. Grenoble: Observatoire des Politiques Culturelles.
Lazzarotti, O. (2003). Patrimoine. In J. Levy & M. Lussault (Eds.), Dictionnaire de la géographie et de l’espace des sociétés (pp. 692–693). Paris: Belin.
Magnaghi, A. (2001a). Presentazione. In A. Magnaghi (Ed.), Rappresentare i luoghi. Metodi e tecniche (pp. 7–11). Firenze: Alinea, Firenze.
Magnaghi, A. (2001b). Una metodologia analitica per la progettazione identitaria del territorio. In A. Magnaghi (Ed.), Rappresentare i luoghi. Metodi e tecniche (pp. 13–51). Firenze: Alinea.
Magnaghi, A. (Ed.). (2005a). Scenari strategici. Visioni identitarie per il progetto di territorio. Firenze: Alinea.
Magnaghi, A. (2005b). The urban village. A charter for democracy and self-sustainable development. London: Zed Books.
Magnaghi, A. (Ed.). (2010). Montespertoli: le mappe di comunità per lo statuto del territorio. Firenze: Alinea.
Magnaghi, A. (Ed.). (2012). Territorio bene comune. Firenze: Firenze University Press.
Magnaghi, A. (2013). Riterritorializzare il mondo. Scienze del Territorio, 1, 47–58.
Magnaghi, A. (Ed.). (2014). La regola e il progetto. Un approccio bioregionalista alla pianificazione territoriale. Firenze: Firenze University Press.
Magnaghi, A. (2017). La storia del territorio nell’approccio territorialista all’urbanistica e alla pianificazione. Scienze del Territorio, 5, 32–41.
Manacorda, D. (2014). Contesto. In C. Benzoni (Ed.), In una parola. Frammenti di un’enciclopedia casuale (pp. 64–65). Varese: Benzoni Editore.
Marson, A. (Ed.). (2016). La struttura del paesaggio. Una sperimentazione multidisciplinare per il Piano della Toscana. Bari: Laterza.
Mumford, L. (1961). The city in history. In Its origins, its transformations, its prospects. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
Norgaard, R. B. (1994). Development betrayed. The end of progress and a coevolutionary revisioning of the future. London: Routledge.
Nussbaum, M., & Sen, A. (Eds.). (1993). The quality of life. Wotton-under-Edge: Clarendon Press.
Pedrick, C. (2016). Le pouvoir des cartes. Quand la 3D s’invite à la table des négociations. Wageningen: CTA Publishing.
Polanyi, K. (1944). The great transformation. The political and economical origins of our time. New York: Farrar & Rinehart.
Poli, D. (1999). La piana fiorentina. Una biografia territoriale narrata dalle colline di Castello. Firenze: Alinea.
Poli, D. (2000). Il cartografo-biografo come attore della rappresentazione dello spazio in comune. In P. Castelnovi (Ed.), Il senso del paesaggio (pp. 205–214). Edizioni IRES-Piemonte: Torino.
Poli, D. (Ed.). (2005). Disegnare la territorializzazione. Il caso dell’Empolese-Valdelsa. Firenze: Alinea.
Poli, D. (2011a). Rappresentazioni identitarie e processi partecipativi per la salvaguardia del patrimonio territoriale. In M. Volpiano (Ed.), Territorio storico e paesaggio. Esperienze di analisi, progetto e gestione. Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Torino (pp. 55–71). Savigliano: L’artistica Editrice.
Poli, D. (2011b). Le strutture di lunga durata nei processi di territorializzazione: Urbanistica 147, 19–23.
Poli, D. (2014). Carte di sintesi e norme figurate per il Piano paesaggistico della Regione Toscana. In AA.VV. (Ed.), Dall’informazione geografica alla pianificazione territoriale e del paesaggio: colmare un vuoto di conoscenza. Atti della XVIII Conferenza Nazionale ASITA. (pp. 1017–1022). Milano: Federazione ASITA.
Poli, D. (2015). Il patrimonio territoriale fra capitale e risorsa nei processi di patrimonializzazione proattiva. In B. Meloni (Ed.), Aree interne e progetti d’area (pp. 123–140). Rosenberg & Sellier: Torino.
Poli, D. (2016). Prove di sintesi: le schede degli ambiti di paesaggio. In A. Marson (Ed.), La struttura del paesaggio. Una sperimentazione multidisciplinare per il piano della Toscana (pp. 217–224). Bari: Laterza.
Poli, D. (2017). Processi storici e forme della rappresentazione identitaria del territorio. Scienze del territorio, 5, 42–53.
Poli, D. (2018). Formes et figures du projet local. In La patrimonialisation contemporaine du territoire. Paris: Eterotopia France.
Poli, D. (2019a). Rappresentare mondi di vita. Radici storiche e prospettive per il progetto di territorio. Milano: Mimesis.
Poli, D. (2019b). Le comunità progettuali della bioregione urbana. Macerata: Quodlibet.
Poulot, D. (2006). Une histoire du patrimoine en Occident, XVIIIe-XXIe siècle: du monument aux valeurs. Paris: PUF.
Quaini, M. (1975). La costruzione della geografia umana. Firenze: La Nuova Italia.
Raffestin, C. (1984). Territorializzazione, deterritorializzazione, riterritorializzazione e informazione. In A. Turco (Ed.), Regione e regionalizzazione (pp. 69–82). Milano: Franco Angeli.
Rautenberg, M. (2003). La rupture patrimoniale. Lyon: Editions à la croisée.
Ribeiro, G. (2010). La géographie vidalienne et la géopolitique. Géographie et cultures, 75, 247–262. http://gc.revues.org/1690. Accessed January 20, 2019.
Ricoeur, P. (2000). La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli. Paris: Seuil.
Roland, E. G., & Landua, G.(2015). Regenerative enterprise: Optimizing for multi-capital abundance. The Regenerative Enterprise Institute (online). http://www.regenterprise.com/regenerative-enterprise/. Accessed 20 Jan 2019.
Sclavi, M. (2000). Arte di ascoltare e mondi possibili. Come si esce dalle cornici di cui siamo parte. Milano: Mondadori.
Sclavi, M & Susskind, L.E. (2016). Confronto creativo. In Come funzionano la co-progettazione creativa e la democrazia deliberativa. Perché ne abbiamo bisogno. Milano: IPOC.
Stuiver, M. (2006). Highlighting the retro side of innovation and its potential for regime change in agriculture. In T. Marsden & J. Murdoch (Eds.), Between the local and the global (pp. 147–173). Bingley: Emerald.
Tosco, C. (2009). Il paesaggio storico. Le fonti e i metodi di ricerca. Bari: Laterza.
Turco, A. (1984). Regione e regionalizzazione. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Turco, A. (2010). Configurazioni della territorialità. Milano: Franco Angeli.
Vallega, A. (1989). Geografia umana. Milano: Mursia.
Vidal de La Blache, P. (1903). Tableau de la géographie de la France. Paris: Hachette.
Vidal de La Blache, P. (1922). Principes de la géographie humaine. manuscrits publiés par E. de Martonne. Paris: Armand Colin.
Volpe, G. (2015). Patrimonio al futuro. Un manifesto per i beni culturali e il paesaggio. Milano: Electa.
Volpe, G. (2017). Alcune brevi riflessioni su archeologia, territori, contesti, persone. Scienze del Territorio, 5, 26–30.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Poli, D. (2020). The Representation Process of Local Heritage for Territorial Projects. In: Fanfani, D., Matarán Ruiz, A. (eds) Bioregional Planning and Design: Volume II. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46083-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46083-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-46082-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-46083-9
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)