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Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review Concerning Types, Properties, Materials, Processing, and Characterization

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Racing for the Surface

Abstract

Given the constant lack of donors for organ transplantation, tissue engineering has been considered a very important tool for regenerative medicine to overcome the limitations of conventional treatments. Tissue engineering is mainly based on obtaining biodegradable three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds. Based on a bibliometric study covering the last three decades of scientific research in scaffolds, this review will address the existing types of scaffolds (solid and fluid); the necessary scaffold properties for adequate tissue regeneration, such as biocompatibility and adequate mechanical properties; the materials that can be used to manufacture the scaffold, from metals to natural and synthetic polymers; scaffold fabrication techniques, considering their advantages and disadvantages and which are the main selection criteria; and finally, the methods of scaffold characterization, such as chemical, morphological, mechanical, and biological.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by FAPESP, grant #2017/13273-6, São Paulo Research Foundation and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil

    Andréa Arruda Martins Shimojo, Isabella Caroline Pereira Rodrigues & Laís Pellizzer Gabriel

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Amanda Gomes Marcelino Perez

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Eliana Maria Barbosa Souto

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Thomas Webster

Authors
  1. Andréa Arruda Martins Shimojo
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  2. Isabella Caroline Pereira Rodrigues
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  3. Amanda Gomes Marcelino Perez
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  4. Eliana Maria Barbosa Souto
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  5. Laís Pellizzer Gabriel
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  6. Thomas Webster
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laís Pellizzer Gabriel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA

    Bingyun Li

  2. AO Research Institute Davos, Davos Platz, Graubünden, Switzerland

    Thomas Fintan Moriarty

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA

    Thomas Webster

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Malcolm Xing

Appendix

Appendix

Keywords

No. of occurrences (1990–1999)

No. of occurrences (2000–2009)

No. of occurrences (2010–2019)

3D printers

–

–

369

Additive manufacturing (or rapid prototyping)

–

107

112

Bioactivity

–

65

207

Biocompatibility

11

429

1562

Biodegradability (or biodegradation)

36

244

287

Bioreactors

6

225

428

Bone

13

427

1444

Cardiac tissue engineering

–

13

67

Cartilage

27

350

633

Ceramics

–

128

181

Composite scaffolds

–

32

183

Electrospinning

–

161

1221

Epidermis

2

27

47

Fluidic devices (or fluids)

–

11

34

Freeze-drying

2

106

284

Gas foaming (or foaming or foam)

3

20

34

Mechanical properties

8

177

765

Metals

–

18

81

Morphology

9

180

360

Natural polymers

–

17

56

Nerve regeneration

6

81

251

Particulate leaching

–

10

31

Polymer

33

601

941

Scaffolds

10

944

2174

Solid

–

54

20

Spinning (fibers)

–

26

231

Surface property

4

364

769

Synthetic polymers

–

13

38

Thermally induced phase separation

–

9

54

Tissue engineering

33

2564

5748

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Shimojo, A.A.M., Rodrigues, I.C.P., Perez, A.G.M., Souto, E.M.B., Gabriel, L.P., Webster, T. (2020). Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review Concerning Types, Properties, Materials, Processing, and Characterization. In: Li, B., Moriarty, T., Webster, T., Xing, M. (eds) Racing for the Surface. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34471-9_23

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