Abstract
The reported rate of concussion is smaller than the actual rate. Less than half of concussion cases in high school football players is reported. The ultimate concern associated with unreported concussion is increased risk of cumulative effects from recurrent injury. This can, partially, be attributed to the fact that the signs and symptoms of a concussion can be subtle and may not show up immediately. Common symptoms after a concussive traumatic brain injury are headache, amnesia and confusion. Computer simulations, based on the impact force magnitude, location and direction, are able to predict these symptoms and their severity. When patients are aware of what to expect in the coming days after head trauma, they are more likely to report the signs of concussion, which decreases the potential risks of unreported injury. In this work, the first ever fluid-structure interaction analysis is used to simulate the interaction between cerebrospinal fluid and comprehensive brain model to assess the concussion symptoms when exposed to head trauma conditions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Goldsmith, W.: Current controversies in the stipulation of head injury criteria - letter to the editor. J. Biomech. 14(12), 883–884 (1981)
Luo, Y., Li, Z., Chen, H.: Finite-element study of cerebrospinal fluid in mitigating closed head injuries. J. Eng. Med. 226(7), 499–509 (2012)
Chafi, M.S., Dirisala, V., Karami, G., Ziejewski, M.: A finite element method parametric study of the dynamic response of the human brain with different cerebrospinal fluid constitutive properties. In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H (2009). Journal of Engineering in Medicine 223(8), 1003–1019
Liang, Z., Luo, Y.: A QCT-based nonsegmentation finite element head model for studying traumatic brain injury. Appl. Bionics Biomech. 2015, 1–8 (2015)
Gilchrist, M.D., O’Donoghue, D.: Simulation of the development of the frontal head impact injury. J. Comp. Mech. 26, 229–235 (2000)
Ghajari, M., Hellyer, P.J., Sharp, D.J.: Computational modelling of traumatic brain injury predicts the location of chronic traumatic encephalopathy pathology. Brain 140(2), 333–343 (2017)
McCrea, M., Hammeke, T., Olsen, G., Leo, P., Guskiewicz, K.: Unreported concussion in high school football players: implications for prevention. Clin. J. Sport Med. 14(1), 13–17 (2004)
Rengachary, S.S., Ellenbogen, R.G.: Principles of Neurosurgery. Elsevier Mosby, New York (2005)
Toma, M., Nguyen, P.: Fluid-structure interaction analysis of cerebral spinal fluid with a comprehensive head model subject to a car crash-related whiplash. In: 5th International Conference on Computational and Mathematical Biomedical Engineering - CMBE2017. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (2017)
Yanagida, Y., Fujiwara, S., Mizoi, Y.: Differences in the intracranial pressure caused by a blow and/or a fall - experimental study using physical models of the head and neck. Forensic Sci. Int. 41, 135–145 (1989)
Nahum, A.M., Gatts, J.D., Gadd, C.W., Danforth, J.: Impact tolerance of the skull and face. In: 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference, Warrendale, PA, pp. 302–316. Society of Automotive Engineers (1968)
Nahum, A.M., Smith, R.W., Ward, C.C.: Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact. In: 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference (1977)
Fry, F.J., Barger, J.E.: Acoustical properties of the human skull. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63(5), 1576–1590 (1978)
Barser, T.W., Brockway, J.A., Higgins, L.S.: The density of tissues in and about the head. Acta Neurol. Scandinav. 46, 85–92 (1970)
Elkin, B.S., Azeloglu, E.U., Costa, K.D., Morrison, B.: Mechanical heterogeneity of the rat hippicampus measured by atomic force microscope indentation. J. Neurotrauma 24, 812–822 (2007)
Gefen, A., Gefen, N., Zhu, Q., Raghupathi, R., Margulies, S.S.: Age-dependent changes in material properties of the brain and braincase of the rat. J. Neurotrauma 20, 1163–1177 (2003)
Kruse, S.A., Rose, G.H., Glaser, K.J., Manduca, A., Felmlee, J.P., Jack Jr., C.R., Ehman, R.L.: Magnetic resonance elastography of the brain. Neuroimage 39, 231–237 (2008)
Moore, S.W., Sheetz, M.P.: Biophysics of substrate interaction: influence on neutral motility, differentiation, and repair. Dev. Neurobiol. 71, 1090–1101 (2011)
Lui, A.C., Polis, T.Z., Cicutti, N.J.: Densities of cerebrospinal fluid and spinal anaesthetic solutions in surgical patients at body temperature. Can. J. Anaesth. 45(4), 297–303 (1998)
Toma, M., Einstein, D.R., Bloodworth, C.H., Cochran, R.P., Yoganathan, A.P., Kunzelman, K.S.: Fluid-structure interaction and structural analyses using a comprehensive mitral valve model with 3D chordal structure. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Biomed. Engng. 33(4), e2815 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2815
Toma, M., Oshima, M., Takagi, S.: Decomposition and parallelization of strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction linear subsystems based on the Q1/P0 discretization. Comput. Struct. 173, 84–94 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.06.001
Toma, M.: The emerging use of SPH in biomedical applications. Significances Bioeng. Biosci. 1(1), 1–4 (2017). SBB.000502
Brodmann, K.: Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde (in German). Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig (1909)
Limited TCTÂ Research (ed.) Cortical Functions. Trans Cranial Technologies ltd. (2012)
Toma, M., Nguyen, P.: Fluid-structure interaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid with a comprehensive head model subject to a rapid acceleration and deceleration. Brain Inj. 1–9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1502470
Varlotta, C., Toma, M., Neidecker, J.: Ringside physicians’ medical manual for boxing and mixed martial arts: technology & impact sensor testing. Association of Ringside Physicians, Chapter D10 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Toma, M. (2019). Predicting Concussion Symptoms Using Computer Simulations. In: Arai, K., Bhatia, R., Kapoor, S. (eds) Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018. FTC 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 880. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02686-8_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02686-8_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02685-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02686-8
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)