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Cancer of the Testis pp 75–94Cite as

Radiographic Diagnosis and Staging

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Abstract

Ultrasonography is the recommended imaging modality for the evaluation of testicular pathology. MRI can be useful as a problem solving tool if the ultrasonographic images are of suboptimal quality or if a discrepancy between the clinical and sonographic findings arises. For routine staging of testicular carcinoma, MRI has no specific role, unless brain or liver metastases are suspected. In addition, it may be used to clarify specific uncertainties. Thorough imaging of chest, abdomen, and pelvis are required to complete the work-up and staging of a newly diagnosed testicular tumor. Together with tumor marker levels, radiographic staging provides the basis for tumor staging according to the UICC- and IGCCCG-classifications. At testicular carcinoma - staging, any number of nodes within the expected primary/ ipsilateral landing zone, irrespective of their size, should raise serious suspicion of occult metastases. On staging- chest CT images, all pulmonary nodules, regardless of their size, are suspect. Only calcified foci are a safe exception to this rule. In general, PET-CT is now the gold standard providing simultaneously obtained CT and PET images which may then delineate the exact anatomic location of the lesion with a resolution of 5 mm. However, there is no specific benefit in the use of FDG PET for testicular carcinoma staging at presentation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Oncology and Hematology, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Applied Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria

    Maria De Santis

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  1. Maria De Santis
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  2. Mark Bachner
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  3. Nathan Lawrentschuk
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  4. Gregory S. Jack
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  5. Damien M. Bolton
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Academic Medical Center, Dept. Urology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1050 AZ, Netherlands

    M. Pilar Laguna

  2. Urologische Klinik, Klinikum Kassel GmbH, Mönchebergstr. 41-43, Kassel, 34125, Germany

    Peter Albers

  3. Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinik für Onkologie, Hämatologie und, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany

    Carsten Bokemeyer

  4. Division of Urology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Francis St. 45, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Jerome P. Richie

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De Santis, M., Bachner, M., Lawrentschuk, N., Jack, G.S., Bolton, D.M. (2011). Radiographic Diagnosis and Staging. In: Laguna, M., Albers, P., Bokemeyer, C., Richie, J. (eds) Cancer of the Testis. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-370-5_4

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