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Study of the Expression of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Anaerobic Conditions

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Bacterial Multidrug Exporters

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1700))

Abstract

Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps belong to a class of membrane transporter proteins that dedicate to the extrusion of a diverse range of substances out of cells including all classes of currently available antibiotics. They constitute an important mechanism of bacterial antibiotic and multidrug resistance. Since many ecological niches of bacteria and the infection foci in animal host display low oxygen tension under which condition bacterial pathogens undergo fundamental changes on their metabolic modes, it is necessary to study the expression profiles of drug efflux pumps under these physiologically and clinically relevant conditions. In this chapter, we first introduce procedures to culture bacteria under anaerobic conditions, which is achieved using screw-capped Pyrex culture tubes without agitation. We then introduce β-galactosidase activity assay using promoter-lacZ (encoding the β-galactosidase enzyme) fusion to measure the expression of efflux pumps at transcriptional level, and Western blot using chromosomal FLAG-tagged construct to examine the expression of these proteins at translational level. Applications of these gene expression studies to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of efflux genes expression as well as their physiological functions are also discussed.

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Acknowledgment

We are grateful to Prof. Kunihiko Nishino (Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University) for the pNN387 vector and the PgadE-lacZ strain. The studies are supported by the Hong Kong University Grants Council General Research Fund (HKU 17142316) and the Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF) Hong Kong (No. 13120662) to A.Y.

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Author notes

  1. Jingjing Sun, Ziqing Deng and Danny Ka Chun Fung contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR

    Jingjing Sun, Ziqing Deng, Danny Ka Chun Fung & Aixin Yan

  2. Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Danny Ka Chun Fung

  3. Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan

    Aixin Yan

Authors
  1. Jingjing Sun
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  2. Ziqing Deng
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  3. Danny Ka Chun Fung
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  4. Aixin Yan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aixin Yan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan

    Akihito Yamaguchi

  2. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Kunihiko Nishino

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Sun, J., Deng, Z., Fung, D.K.C., Yan, A. (2018). Study of the Expression of Bacterial Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Anaerobic Conditions. In: Yamaguchi, A., Nishino, K. (eds) Bacterial Multidrug Exporters. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1700. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7454-2_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7454-2_14

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7452-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7454-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

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