Abstract
The design of innovative tools for generating physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models has been recently recognized as a fundamental step to study cell responses and long-term tissue functionalities thanks to its ability to recapitulate the complexity and the dimensional scale of the cellular microenvironment, while directly integrating high-throughput and automatic screening capabilities.
This chapter addresses the development of a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microfluidic platform to (1) generate and culture 3D cellular microaggregates under continuous flow perfusion while (2) conditioning them with different combinations/concentrations of soluble factors (i.e., growth factors, morphogens or drug molecules), in a high-throughput fashion. The proposed microfluidic system thus represents a promising tool for establishing innovative high-throughput models for drug screening, investigation of tissues morphogenesis, and optimization of tissue engineering protocols.
*These authors equally contributed to the work.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abo A, Clevers H (2012) Modulating WNT receptor turnover for tissue repair. Nat Biotechnol 30(9):835–836
Keung AJ, Kumar S, Schaffer DV (2010) Presentation counts: microenvironmental regulation of stem cells by biophysical and material cues. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 26:533–556
Sasai Y, Eiraku M, Suga H (2012) In vitro organogenesis in three dimensions: self-organising stem cells. Development 139(22):4111–4121
Sant S, Hancock MJ, Donnelly JP et al (2010) Biomimetic gradient hydrogels for tissue engineering. Can J Chem Eng 88(6):899–911
Griffith LG, Swartz MA (2006) Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7(3):211–224
Vunjak-Novakovic G (2013) Biomimetic platforms for tissue engineering. Isr J Chem 53(9–10):767–776
Huh D, Torisawa YS, Hamilton GA et al (2012) Microengineered physiological biomimicry: organs-on-chips. Lab Chip 12(12):2156–2164
Occhetta P, Glass N, Otte E et al (2016) Stoichiometric control of live cell mixing to enable fluidically-encoded co-culture models in perfused microbioreactor arrays. Integr Biol (Camb) 8(2):194–204
Pennella F, Rossi M, Ripandelli S et al (2012) Numerical and experimental characterization of a novel modular passive micromixer. Biomed Microdevices 14(5):849–862
Occhetta P, Malloggi C, Gazaneo A et al (2015) High-throughput microfluidic platform for adherent single cells non-viral gene delivery. RSC Adv 5(7):5087–5095
Titmarsh D, Cooper-White J (2009) Microbioreactor array for full-factorial analysis of provision of multiple soluble factors in cellular microenvironments. Biotechnol Bioeng 104(6):1240–1244
Li Jeon N, Baskaran H, Dertinger SK et al (2002) Neutrophil chemotaxis in linear and complex gradients of interleukin-8 formed in a microfabricated device. Nat Biotechnol 20(8):826–830
Lee K, Kim C, Ahn B et al (2009) Generalized serial dilution module for monotonic and arbitrary microfluidic gradient generators. Lab Chip 9(5):709–717
Sahai R, Martino C, Castrataro P et al (2011) Microfluidic chip with temporal and spatial concentration generation capabilities for biological applications. Microelectron Eng 88(8):1689–1692
Kim C, Lee K, Kim JH et al (2008) A serial dilution microfluidic device using a ladder network generating logarithmic or linear concentrations. Lab Chip 8(3):473–479
Piraino F, Camci-Unal G, Hancock MJ et al (2012) Multi-gradient hydrogels produced layer by layer with capillary flow and crosslinking in open microchannels. Lab Chip 12(3):659–661
Xia Y, Whitesides GM (1998) Soft lithography. Annu Rev Mater Sci 28(1):153–184
Rasponi M, Piraino F, Sadr N et al (2010) Reliable magnetic reversible assembly of complex microfluidic devices: fabrication, characterization, and biological validation. Microfluid Nanofluid 10(5):1097–1107
Biffi E, Menegon A, Piraino F et al (2012) Validation of long-term primary neuronal cultures and network activity through the integration of reversibly bonded microbioreactors and MEA substrates. Biotechnol Bioeng 109(1):166–175
Biffi E, Piraino F, Pedrocchi A et al (2012) A microfluidic platform for controlled biochemical stimulation of twin neuronal networks. Biomicrofluidics 6(2):24106–2410610
Khademhosseini A, Langer R, Borenstein J et al (2006) Microscale technologies for tissue engineering and biology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(8):2480–2487
Occhetta P, Visone R, Russo L et al (2015) VA-086 methacrylate gelatine photopolymerizable hydrogels: a parametric study for highly biocompatible 3D cell embedding. J Biomed Mater Res A 103(6):2109–2117
Lopa S, Piraino F, Kemp RJ et al (2015) Fabrication of multi-well chips for spheroid cultures and implantable constructs through rapid prototyping techniques. Biotechnol Bioeng 112(7):1457–1471
Marsano A, Conficconi C, Lemme M et al (2016) Beating heart on a chip: a novel microfluidic platform to generate functional 3D cardiac microtissues. Lab Chip 16(3):599–610
Occhetta P, Sadr N, Piraino F et al (2013) Fabrication of 3D cell-laden hydrogel microstructures through photo-mold patterning. Biofabrication 5(3):035002
Zervantonakis IK, Hughes-Alford SK, Charest JL et al (2012) Three-dimensional microfluidic model for tumor cell intravasation and endothelial barrier function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(34):13515–13520
Kim JY, Fluri DA, Marchan R et al (2015) 3D spherical microtissues and microfluidic technology for multi-tissue experiments and analysis. J Biotechnol 205:24–35
Mathur A, Loskill P, Shao K et al (2015) Human iPSC-based cardiac microphysiological system for drug screening applications. Sci Rep 5:8883
Occhetta P, Centola M, Tonnarelli B et al (2015) High-throughput microfluidic platform for 3D cultures of mesenchymal stem cells, towards engineering developmental processes. Sci Rep 5:10288
DeLise AM, Stringa E, Woodward WA et al (2000) Embryonic limb mesenchyme micromass culture as an in vitro model for chondrogenesis and cartilage maturation. Methods Mol Biol 137:359–375
Harlow E, Lane D (2006) Fixing attached cells in paraformaldehyde. CSH Protoc 2006(3): 4294–4296. doi:10.1101/pdb.prot4294
Martin I, Muraglia A, Campanile G et al (1997) Fibroblast growth factor-2 supports ex vivo expansion and maintenance of osteogenic precursors from human bone marrow. Endocrinology 138(10):4456–4462
Jiang X, Jeffries RE, Acosta MA et al (2015) Biocompatibility of Tygon(R) tubing in microfluidic cell culture. Biomed Microdevices 17(1):20
Titmarsh D, Hidalgo A, Turner J et al (2011) Optimization of flowrate for expansion of human embryonic stem cells in perfusion microbioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 108(12):2894–2904
Young EW, Beebe DJ (2010) Fundamentals of microfluidic cell culture in controlled microenvironments. Chem Soc Rev 39(3):1036–1048
Acknowledgments
This study was partially supported by Fondazione Cariplo, grant no. 2012-0891.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Occhetta, P., Visone, R., Rasponi, M. (2017). High-Throughput Microfluidic Platform for 3D Cultures of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In: Koledova, Z. (eds) 3D Cell Culture. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1612. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7021-6_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-7019-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-7021-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols