Abstract
Transplanting adult stem cells provides a stringent test for self-renewal and the assessment of comparative engraftment in competitive transplant assays. Transplantation of satellite cells into mammalian skeletal muscle provided the first critical evidence that satellite cells function as adult muscle stem cells. Transplantation of a single satellite cell confirmed and extended this hypothesis, providing proof that the satellite cell is a bona fide adult skeletal muscle stem cell as reported by Sacco et al. (Nature 456(7221):502–506). Satellite cell transplantation has been further leveraged to identify culture conditions that maintain engraftment and to identify self-renewal deficits in satellite cells from aged mice. Conversion of iPSCs (induced pluripotent stem cells) to a satellite cell-like state, followed by transplantation, demonstrated that these cells possess adult muscle stem cell properties as reported by Darabi et al. (Stem Cell Rev Rep 7(4):948–957) and Mizuno et al. (FASEB J 24(7):2245–2253). Thus, transplantation strategies involving either satellite cells derived from adult muscles or derived from iPSCs may eventually be exploited as a therapy for treating patients with diseased or failing skeletal muscle. Here, we describe methods for isolating dispersed adult mouse satellite cells and satellite cells on intact myofibers for transplantation into recipient mice to study muscle stem cell function and behavior following engraftment .
References
Shi X, Garry DJ (2006) Muscle stem cells in development, regeneration, and disease. Genes Dev 20(13):1692–1708. doi:10.1101/gad.1419406
Mauro A (1961) Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 9:493–495
Hawke TJ, Garry DJ (2001) Myogenic satellite cells: physiology to molecular biology. J Appl Physiol 91(2):534–551
Collins CA, Olsen I, Zammit PS, Heslop L, Petrie A, Partridge TA (2005) Stem cell function, self-renewal, and behavioral heterogeneity of cells from the adult muscle satellite cell niche. Cell 122. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.05.010
Watt DJ, Lambert K, Morgan JE, Partridge TA, Sloper JC (1982) Incorporation of donor muscle precursor cells into an area of muscle regeneration in the host mouse. J Neurol Sci 57(2–3):319–331
Watt DJ, Morgan JE, Partridge TA (1984) Use of mononuclear precursor cells to insert allogeneic genes into growing mouse muscles. Muscle Nerve 7(9):741–750. doi:10.1002/mus.880070908
Morgan JE, Watt DJ, Sloper JC, Partridge TA (1988) Partial correction of an inherited biochemical defect of skeletal muscle by grafts of normal muscle precursor cells. J Neurol Sci 86(2–3):137–147
Beauchamp JR, Morgan JE, Pagel CN, Partridge TA (1999) Dynamics of myoblast transplantation reveal a discrete minority of precursors with stem cell-like properties as the myogenic source. J Cell Biol 144(6):1113–1122
Montarras D, Morgan J, Collins C, Relaix F, Zaffran S, Cumano A, Partridge T, Buckingham M (2005) Direct isolation of satellite cells for skeletal muscle regeneration. Science 309(5743):2064–2067. doi:10.1126/science.1114758
Cornelison DD, Filla MS, Stanley HM, Rapraeger AC, Olwin BB (2001) Syndecan-3 and syndecan-4 specifically mark skeletal muscle satellite cells and are implicated in satellite cell maintenance and muscle regeneration. Dev Biol 239(1):79–94. doi:10.1006/dbio.2001.0416
Tanaka KK, Hall JK, Troy AA, Cornelison DD, Majka SM, Olwin BB (2009) Syndecan-4-expressing muscle progenitor cells in the SP engraft as satellite cells during muscle regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 4(3):217–225. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2009.01.016
Hall JK, Banks GB, Chamberlain JS, Olwin BB (2010) Prevention of muscle aging by myofiber-associated satellite cell transplantation. Sci Transl Med 2(57):57ra83. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001081
Marg A, Escobar H, Gloy S, Kufeld M, Zacher J, Spuler A, Birchmeier C, Izsvák Z, Spuler S (2014) Human satellite cells have regenerative capacity and are genetically manipulable. J Clin Invest 124(10):4257–4265. doi:10.1172/JCI63992
Gilbert PM, Havenstrite KL, Magnusson KE, Sacco A, Leonardi NA, Kraft P, Nguyen NK, Thrun S, Lutolf MP, Blau HM (2010) Substrate elasticity regulates skeletal muscle stem cell self-renewal in culture. Sci Signal 329(5995):1078
Gussoni E, Wang Y, Fraefel C, Miller RG, Blau HM, Geller AI, Kunkel LM (1996) A method to codetect introduced genes and their products in gene therapy protocols. Nat Biotechnol 14(8):1012–1016. doi:10.1038/nbt0896-1012
Seale P, Sabourin LA, Girgis-Gabardo A, Mansouri A, Gruss P, Rudnicki MA (2000) Pax7 is required for the specification of myogenic satellite cells. Cell 102(6):777–786
Fukada S, Uezumi A, Ikemoto M, Masuda S, Segawa M, Tanimura N, Yamamoto H, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda S (2007) Molecular signature of quiescent satellite cells in adult skeletal muscle. Stem Cells 25(10):2448–2459
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by NIH grants R01AG040074, R01AG040074 and an Ellison Medical Senior Scholar Award to BBO.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Hall, M.N. et al. (2017). Transplantation of Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. In: Perdiguero, E., Cornelison, D. (eds) Muscle Stem Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1556. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6771-1_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6769-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6771-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols