Abstract
The increasing role of all types of regulatory RNAs in the orchestration of cellular programs has enhanced the development of a variety of techniques that allow its precise detection, quantification, and functional scrutiny. Recent advances in imaging and fluoresecent in situ hybridization (FISH) methods have enabled the utilization of user-friendly protocols that provide highly sensitive and accurate detection of ribonucleic acid molecules at both the single cell and subcellular levels. We herein describe the approach originally developed by Stellaris®, in which the target RNA molecule is fluoresecently labeled with multiple tiled complementary probes each carrying a fluorophore, thus improving sensitivity and reducing the chance of false positives. We have applied this method to the detection of nascent RNAs that partake of special regulatory structures called R loops. Their growing role in active gene expression regulation (Aguilera and Garcia-Muse, Mol Cell 46:115–124, 2012; Ginno et al., Mol Cell 45:814–825, 2012; Sun et al., Science 340:619–621, 2013; Bhatia et al., Nature 511:362–365, 2014) imposes the use of a combination of in vivo and in vitro techniques for the detailed analysis of the transcripts involved. Therefore, their study is a good example to illustrate how RNA FISH, combined with transcriptional arrest and/or cell synchronization, permits localization and temporal characterization of potentially regulatory RNA sequences.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, grant number SAF2014-56894-R), the Fundació La Marató de TV3 (grant number 20131610), and the Asociación Española contra el Cáncer-Junta de Barcelona. We are grateful to Dr. Manel Esteller for his advice and support during the preparation of this manuscript.
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Soler, M., Boque-Sastre, R., Guil, S. (2017). RNA-FISH to Study Regulatory RNA at the Site of Transcription. In: Napoli, S. (eds) Promoter Associated RNA. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1543. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6716-2_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6716-2_12
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Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
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Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6716-2
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