Skip to main content

Detection of the Phosphorylation of the Estrogen Receptor α as an Outcome of GPR30 Activation

  • Protocol
Book cover Estrogen Receptors

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1366))

Abstract

Phosphorylation of the serine residues in estrogen receptor (ER) α is important in transcriptional activation. Hence, methods to detect such posttranslational modification events are valuable. We describe, in detail, the analysis of the phosphorylated ERα by electrophoretic separation of proteins and subsequent immuno-blotting techniques. In particular, phosphorylation of the ERα is one possible outcome of activation of the putative membrane estrogen receptor (mER), GPR30. Hence, phosphorylation represents a cross talk event between GPR30 and ERα and may be important in estrogen-regulated physiology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Enmark E, Gustafsson JA (1999) Oestrogen receptors—an overview. J Intern Med 246(2):33–138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Nilsson S, Makela S, Treuter E et al (2001) Mechanisms of estrogen action. Physiol Rev 81(4):1535–1565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Vasudevan N, Pfaff DW (2007) Membrane-initiated actions of estrogens in neuroendocrinology: emerging principles. Endocr Rev 28(1):1–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Faresse N (2014) Post-translational modifications of the mineralocorticoid receptor: how to dress the receptor according to the circumstances? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 143:334–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee JH, Lee MJ (2012) Emerging roles of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the steroid receptor signaling. Arch Pharm Res 35(3):397–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Abdel-Hafiz HA, Horwitz KB (2014) Post-translational modifications of the progesterone receptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 140:80–89

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Lannigan DA (2003) Estrogen receptor phosphorylation. Steroids 68:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Weigel NL (1996) Steroid hormone receptors and their regulation by phosphorylation. Biochem J 319(Pt 3):657–667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Acconcia F, Ascenzi P, Bocedi A et al (2005) Palmitoylation-dependent estrogen receptor alpha membrane localization: regulation by 17beta-estradiol. Mol Biol Cell 16(1):231–237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. LeGoff P, Montano MM, Schodin DJ, Katzenellenbogen BS (1994) Phosphorylation of the human estrogen receptor. Identification of hormone-regulated sites and examination of their influence on transcriptional activity. J Biol Chem 269:4458–4466

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kato S, Endoh H, Masuhiro Y et al (1995) Activation of the estrogen receptor through phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase. Science 270:1491–1494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Joel PB, Traish AM, Lannigan DA (1995) Estradiol and phorbol ester cause phosphorylation of serine 118 in the human estrogen receptor. Mol Endocrinol 9(8):1041–1052

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Joel PB, Smith J, Sturgill TW, Fisher TL, Blenis J, Lannigan DA (1998) pp90rsk1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated transcription through phosphorylation of Ser-167. Mol Cell Biol 18(4):1978–1984

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Martin MB, Franke TF, Stoica GE et al (2000) A role for Akt in mediating the estrogenic functions of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I. Endocrinology 141(12):4503–4511

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Duplessis TT, Williams CC, Hill SM, Rowan BG (2011) Phosphorylation of Estrogen Receptor alpha at serine 118 directs recruitment of promoter complexes and gene-specific transcription. Endocrinology 152(6):2517–2526

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Skliris GP, Nugent ZJ, Rowan BG, Penner CR, Watson PH, Murphy LC (2010) A phosphorylation code for oestrogen receptor-alpha predicts clinical outcome to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 17(3):589–597

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Murphy LC, Skliris GP, Rowan BG et al (2009) The relevance of phosphorylated forms of estrogen receptor in human breast cancer in vivo. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 114(1-2):90–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kato SS (2001) Estrogen receptor-mediated crosstalk with growth factor signaling pathways. Breast Cancer 8(1):3–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Patrone C, Gianazza E, Santagati S, Agrati P, Maggi A (1998) Divergent pathways regulate ligand-independent activation of ER alpha in SK-N-BE2C neuroblastoma and COS-1 renal carcinoma cells. Mol Endocrinol 12(6):835–841

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Held JM, Britton DJ, Scott GK et al (2012) Ligand binding promotes CDK-dependent phosphorylation of ER-alpha on hinge serine 294 but inhibits ligand-independent phosphorylation of serine 305. Mol Cancer Res 10(8):1120–1132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bunone G, Briand PA, Miksicek RJ, Picard D (1996) Activation of the unliganded estrogen receptor by EGF involves the MAP kinase pathway and direct phosphorylation. EMBO J 15:2174–2183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Clark S, Rainville J, Zhao X, Katzenellenbogen BS, Pfaff D, Vasudevan N (2014) Estrogen receptor-mediated transcription involves the activation of multiple kinase pathways in neuroblastoma cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 139:45–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Maggiolini M, Picard D (2010) The unfolding stories of GPR30, a new membrane-bound estrogen receptor. J Endocrinol 204(2):105–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Prossnitz ER, Maggiolini M (2009) Mechanisms of estrogen signaling and gene expression via GPR30. Mol Cell Endocrinol 308(1-2):32–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Brailoiu E, Dun SL, Brailoiu GC et al (2007) Distribution and characterization of estrogen receptor G protein-coupled receptor 30 in the rat central nervous system. J Endocrinol 193(2):311–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Burai R, Ramesh C, Shorty M et al (2010) Highly efficient synthesis and characterization of the GPR30-selective agonist G-1 and related tetrahydroquinoline analogs. Org Biomol Chem 8(9):2252–2259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dennis MK, Burai R, Ramesh C et al (2009) In vivo effects of a GPR30 antagonist. Nat Chem Biol 5(6):421–427

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dennis MK, Field AS, Burai R et al (2011) Identification of a GPER/GPR30 antagonist with improved estrogen receptor counterselectivity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 127(3-5):358–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hart D, Nilges M, Pollard K et al (2014) Activation of the G-protein coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) has different effects on anxiety in male and female mice. Steroids 81:49–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Hart SA, Snyder MA, Smejkalova T, Woolley CS (2007) Estrogen mobilizes a subset of estrogen receptor-alpha-immunoreactive vesicles in inhibitory presynaptic boutons in hippocampal CA1. J Neurosci 27(8):2102–2111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Bondar G, Kuo J, Hamid N, Micevych P (2009) Estradiol-induced estrogen receptor-alpha trafficking. J Neurosci 29(48):15323–15330

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dominguez R, Micevych P (2010) Estradiol rapidly regulates membrane estrogen receptor alpha levels in hypothalamic neurons. J Neurosci 30(38):12589–12596

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chen D, Washbrook E, Sarwar N et al (2002) Phosphorylation of human estrogen receptor alpha at serine 118 by two distinct signal transduction pathways revealed by phosphorylation-specific antisera. Oncogene 21(32):4921–4931

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Snyder MA, Smejkalova T, Forlano PM, Woolley CS (2010) Multiple ERbeta antisera label in ERbeta knockout and null mouse tissues. J Neurosci Methods 188(2):226–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funding supplied by the NSF CAREER IOS-1053716 to N.V. and a Louisiana Board of Regents Fellowship to K.P.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nandini Vasudevan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Clark, S., Pollard, K., Rainville, J., Vasudevan, N. (2016). Detection of the Phosphorylation of the Estrogen Receptor α as an Outcome of GPR30 Activation. In: Eyster, K.M. (eds) Estrogen Receptors. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1366. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_36

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_36

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3126-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3127-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics